Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefan Vachkov Author-Email: vachkov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Customer Centricity and Product Innovation in Banking Abstract: The digital transformation of "classic" banks is impossible without a reassessment of their previous strategic priorities. To fit into the "new normal", they must adjust their business and operating models to dynamically changing customer needs and experiences - the most authoritative critical parameter for "manufacturing" and offering products/services. At the same time, however, product innovation in banking faces a number of obstacles. Keywords: banks, product innovation, customer centricity, digitalization, customer experiences Classification-JEL: G21 Pages: 3-12 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/3-12.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:3-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Evgeniya Tonkova Author-Email: tonkova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Distribution of Electronic Books - Models and Practices Abstract: Over the past decade there has been an increasing interest in the publishing and purchase of e-books. There are different factors that contribute to the growing interest in educational literature in digital format. Publishers are faced with the choice between alternatives of the form and content and distribution. The difference in profitability, speed and accessibility of the distribution channels suggests that there is a need to rethink the management solutions from the past decades and to invest in new distribution channels. Keywords: distribution channels, e-books, educational literature Classification-JEL: M31 Pages: 13-20 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/13-20.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:13-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michal Stojanov Author-Email: michal.stojanov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Automated Parcel Terminals - Commercialization of the System for Automated Post Services Abstract: Automated post terminals (stations) are a modern concept of automated self-service. The development of this vending technology is alternative strategy of the postal and courier operators to cover the served territory and to offer more convenience in means of place and time. Automated postal stations deliver a tailored service to the needs and specifics of clients. In the paper different characteristics, positives and weaknesses of the automated postal station are described and their development in Bulgaria is summarized. Their future improvement is related to the extent of more automation and the introduction of different robotic and unmanned technologies used in the last mile of organization of product flow delivery. Keywords: Automated post terminals (stations), automated self-service, vending technology, unmanned technologies, post and courier services Classification-JEL: L87 Pages: 21-28 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/21-28.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:21-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nedyalko Valkanov Author-Email: n.valkanov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Alternative Finance in the New Digital World - Some Regulatory Challenges Abstract: The article analyzes the role of Fintech and BigTechs as alternative financial institutions. It notes also the emerging of some conceptually new mechanisms for the creation and distribution of financial products and services based on platform solutions and in the absence of a centralized intermediary institution. In this context it is discussed whether alternative finance does not create a new boundary problem and what related risk are to be tackled. Arguments are given in support of the need for complex, integrated and high-tech supervision of this increasingly popular segment of the financial system and complex risk categories are proposed. Keywords: FinTech, BigTech, Financial Regulation Classification-JEL: G18, G28, O30 Pages: 29-38 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/29-38.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:29-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radka Ivanova Author-Email: r.ivanova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Innovations and ISO Standards Management in the Organizations Abstract: The turbulent environment in which organizations must function nowadays necessitates the continuous search for opportunities to innovate. Innovations require the availability of various resources, including knowledge, information, financial and organizational conditions, in order to be implemented. Building an innovation management system is of leading importance for achieving better results, increasing its advantages and strengthening the organization's place among its competitors on the market. The development, implementation and maintenance of such a system have the role of a framework for systematic innovation management practices. An important point is the quality level of the management system, which is why the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is developing a special series of ISO standards based on CEN/TS 16555. The purpose of this article is to characterize the features of the ISO 56000 series of standards for innovation management in organizations and to bring their benefits into a strategic aspect. Keywords: Innovation, ISO, Standards, Management, Organization Classification-JEL: O30, L15 Pages: 39-46 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/39-46.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:39-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Genka Rafailova Author-Email: genka.rafailova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Author-Name: Todor Dyankov Author-Email: todordyankov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Author-Name: Krasimira Yancheva Author-Email: krasimira_yancheva@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Opportunities for the Development of Regional History Museums in Bulgaria (following the example of Nordland Museum, Norway) Abstract: Museum management in the 21st century and beyond is faced with a number of challenges that are imposed by a rapidly changing, aggressive supply and demand and dynamic environment, as well as by different patterns of consumer behavior. In relation to the right path for their successful development, museums in Bulgaria should pay attention to this environment, its factors, the "new" users, the "new" trends, the good world practices, the "new" opportunities. Otherwise, museums will function inefficiently and user satisfaction will remain unchanged. The main purpose of this publication is to present directions for application of modern and entrepreneurial approaches, necessary for development of the museums in Bulgaria, based on foreign successful practices. Keywords: museum activity, archaeological museum, regional history museum, benchmarking, tourism, development Classification-JEL: N930 Pages: 47-56 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/47-56.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:47-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cvetnen Cvetkov Author-Email: tukicvetkov@abv.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Author-Name: Evangelos Katsikudis Author-Email: e.katsikudis@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: International Trade Development After the Global Financial Crisis Abstract: The report focuses on an environment influenced by the global economic crisis of 2008-2010, the past global health crisis and Russia's subsequent military invasion of Ukraine. These three factors generate disastrous consequences in their wake, and a number of state models are unprepared for them. However, international trade managed to recover extremely quickly from the effect of the crises and generate growth already in 2021 on a number of its indicators. A point of view has been formed summarizing the importance of multiple participants in the economic system, especially the largest economies, but also the role of international cooperation in the field to achieve real results and provide aid to countries in need. Keywords: Covid-19, international trade, sustainable development, global economic crisis, global issues. Classification-JEL: A00 Pages: 57-63 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/57-63.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:57-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antoaneta Stoyanova Author-Email: a.stoyanova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Author-Name: Irena Stavreva Author-Email: Irena.Stavreva@customs.bg Author-Workplace-Name: state inspector, Customs House of Varna, Bulgaria Title: Approaches of Customs Control on Cross-border E-commerce of Goods Abstract: In the context of the digitalization of trade in goods and the increase in the volumes of goods ordered electronically by consumers, it is necessary to expand the functions of customs authorities to strengthen their control. Cross-border e-commerce in goods creates economic and social development opportunities and is a prerequisite for new trade patterns. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the challenges faced by customs administrations that carry out customs controls on cross-border e-commerce of low-value goods, and to identify accepted standards applied as tools to enhance the effectiveness of the controls carried out in accordance with accepted principles and stakeholder requirements. This study can provide guidelines for a better, harmonised and coherent approach in customs control and enforcement measures to ensure compliance with the legislative framework in cross-border e-commerce of goods. The main method applied in the study is a qualitative approach, analysing the challenges and shortcomings in implementing effective customs controls for the importation and exportation of goods subject to cross-border e-commerce. The usefulness of a preventive approach of imposing multiple standards tied to the principles of customs control management is assessed. The results of the analysis show that the regulatory requirements are directly related to the strategic issues and objectives of government management of the control of cross-border e-commerce of goods. Keywords: cross-border e-commerce, goods, customs control, customs duties Classification-JEL: F13; M16 Pages: 64-76 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/64-76.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:64-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Atanas Atanasov Author-Email: atanasov_at@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Current Trends in European Sustainability Reporting Legislation Abstract: An increasing number of non-financial indicators and risks related to the social, environmental and governmental aspects of the activity have a significant impact on the global value of a company in last years. The purpose of this article is to be reviewed European sustainability reporting landscape and to carry out a critical analysis of the legislation of sustainability reporting, and on this basis the main problems and perspectives in its development to ne outlined. Our findings suggest that the creation of two parallel regimes for non-financial reporting will create further confusion among companies as to which standards to be applied. Keywords: sustainability reporting, CSRD, NFRD, non-financial reporting, ESG reporting, EU legislation Classification-JEL: M41, Q56, K20 Pages: 77-89 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/77-89.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:77-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vanya Stoyanova Author-Email: vstoyanova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Statistical Indicators for Measuring and Reporting the Digitalization of Small Enterprises Abstract: The digitalization of enterprises is a process that enables them to adapt to the modern technological world. For small businesses, digital technologies are more difficult to implement and this makes them uncompetitive. The use of statistical indicators to measure and report digital transformation allows to assess the degree of digitalization at the national level and to reveal the factors that have a favorable and unfavorable influence on this process. The application of uniform criteria when conducting the sample survey in the European countries guarantees the comparability of the data. The article examines the unified indicators for measuring the digitization of small enterprises and, based on the information collected through the questionnaire, suggests other indicators that can provide more detailed information about the digital technologies used. Keywords: statistical indicators, digitalization of enterprises, small enterprises, digital transformation Classification-JEL: C0, O3 Pages: 90-96 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/90-96.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:90-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Plamen Dzhaparov Author-Email: pl.djaparov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Artificial Intelligence - a Key Success Factor for Wealth Management Industry Abstract: The Private Banking & Wealth Management (PWM) industry is generally seen as embodying traditional, old-fashioned and even archaic values. Upheld for centuries, its business model, which is based on intensive, comprehensive and discreet personal interactions between financial advisors and wealthy clients, is put to the test today. In today's dynamic and highly connected world, a large number of HNWIs (High Net Worth Individuals) want faster and more convenient value propositions and a cutting-edge digital experience - a trend that the pandemic has amplified many times over. In order to meet the increased expectations of this clientele, private banks and other institutions in the sector are increasingly investing in a number of new technologies and tools, artificial intelligence (AI) taking a leading place among them. In addition to enabling a more complete and qualitative satisfaction of user needs, AI promises benefits for PWM companies in a number of other areas: risk management, compliance, cost reduction, etc. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning, Wealth Management, Private Banking. Classification-JEL: G21, O30 Pages: 97-104 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/97-104.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:97-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rumyana Marinova Author-Email: r_marinova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Accounting Aspects of the Risk of Digital Payment Operations in Bulgarian Banks Abstract: Changing banking business models through the introduction of digital innovations is of key importance for the future development of the banking system, but at the same time it is related to the development of existing and new risks for banks. The purpose of this publication is to carry out a critical analysis of the risk of the introduction of various digital banking products and services in the field of payment operations and, on this basis, to outline the specific accounting aspects of this risk. Our conclusions are related to the understanding that the differentiated disclosure of incurred costs and/or reported losses from the occurrence of cyber risks in the financial statements of banks related to digital products and services and in particular to digital payment operations is necessary in order to correctly define, evaluate and analysis of those risks by all users of financial information. Keywords: digital payments, operational risk, cyber risk, banks, IFRS Classification-JEL: G20, M41 Pages: 105-113 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/105-113.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:105-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yordan Atanasov Author-Email: yordan.atanasov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: ERP Systems in Retail Sales Management in Inflation Conditions Abstract: Technological advances have turned retail on its head. Customers have increasingly high expectations to shop seamlessly across multiple channels, and on the other hand, retailers are doing their best to align their operations with this new reality for them. Inflation and high interest rates had a combined effect for the last time in the 1970s on a global scale, and for Bulgaria - in the years around and after 2008. Their collision 50 years ago is one of the reasons for the emergence of ERP systems and caused a revolution in materials and cost management. Today, inflation and interest rates once again go hand in hand. The purpose of this report is to study the impact of inflationary processes on retail sales in the Do-It-Yourself sector. The research's aim is to make comperative analyse of the trade sector results during the crises in 2008 and in 2021-2022. In addition, attention will be paid to how ERP systems help manage retail sales in times of inflation and high interest rates. The material is based on data from NSI and POS results from one of the largest DIY retail chains in Bulgaria. Keywords: ERP systems, retail management, inflation in retail, ERP in DIY industry Classification-JEL: L81, M21, E31 Pages: 114-123 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/114-123.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:114-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Violeta Dimitrova Author-Email: violeta_dimitrova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: The Inflation Expectation and Consumer Perceived Risk - Retail Management Challenges Abstract: The last three years, which have passed under the threat of the Covid-19 pandemic, the measures of governments around the world to contain it, the war in Ukraine in 2022 and the deepening economic crisis with rising inflation rates, have significantly influenced consumer behavior and the retail business. The aim of the article is to examine changes in the consumer price index and consumer inflation expectations, and on this basis to identify key challenges for retail management and tools for reducing consumer risk. The study is based on data on the consumer price index and on surveys by the National Institute of Statistics of Bulgaria for the inflation expectations of consumers and retail business in 2022. Keywords: retail business, inflation, consumer perceived risk Classification-JEL: M21 Pages: 124-132 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/124-132.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:124-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivan Kuyumdzhiev Author-Email: ivan_ognyanov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Digitization Levels - the Path of Digital Transformation of Administrative Services in Higher Education Abstract: Higher education in Bulgaria has a certain degree of autonomy. For this reason, different levels of digitization are observed in universities across the country. At first glance, this is not a serious problem, but the deepening of the digital divide inevitably leads to difficulties for the governing body in the form of the Ministry of Education and Culture, as well as to an uneven distribution of the quality of educational services among students. The article proposes a generic model to define four metrics for determining the level of digital transformation, using a customer centric approach for each of them. In order to be able to manage digitization in such a diverse ecosystem, the article also proposes a division into two roles - customers and service providers, describing what the characteristics of each of them are. The combination of separating roles and placing customers in the center of each of the processes will enable clear prioritization of tasks and tracking of their implementation. Keywords: digitalization levels, digitalization, digital divide, administrative services Classification-JEL: C88 Pages: 133-139 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/133-139.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:133-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Velislava Nikolaeva Author-Email: velislava.nikolaeva@vfu.bg Author-Workplace-Name: Varna Free University "Chernorizets Hrabar", Varna, Bulgaria Title: Coaching and Mediation at the Workplace Abstract: The management of the organization in the context of the Management 3.0 concept can be considered as an alternative and upgrading approach to the formation and sustainable development of organizations compared to the currently popular models and concepts. The change in the thinking of managers and the kind of renaissance of the systemic approach in management are a prerequisite for updating the management toolkit in a way that implies such an impact on employees and teams that comprehensively and synergistically develops the entire system. The aim of the present work is, through the synthesis and analysis of specialized primary and secondary information sources, to systematize techniques for the manager's behavioral response as a coach and mediator, and in the context of the Management 3.0 concept. The defended author's thesis is that with appropriate tools, the manager of the business organization can successfully meet all challenges in the relationship with his employees, and the development of the system is directly dependent on the development of the manager's skills to individually and comprehensively influence the system and its participants. Keywords: managerial efficiency, management 3.0, coaching, mediation, management, leadership, managerial effectiveness, management 3.0 Classification-JEL: M120 Pages: 140-148 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/140-148.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:140-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Violeta Peteva Author-Email: v.peteva_laskova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Consumer Experience and its Rethinking in the Digital World Abstract: Companies must focus on the consumer experience in order to be competitive in today's highly dynamic environment. The core products, with their high quality and service, can no longer provide a competitive advantage in the market. In the fast-growing experience economy, consumers seek emotions, dreams, memories, sensations and symbolism that combine to create a compelling and lasting personal experience. The primary goal of modern omnichannel consumers is to combine the advantages of online and offline shopping in the most profitable way for them, while expecting a seamless and exciting experience. To offer such an experience, companies should apply an approach that is on the one hand high-tech and on the other - with a high degree of personal attention in service. Therefore, companies must use technological innovation and convergence between them, together with their highly skilled and motivated personnel. The article examines the emergence of the concept of "Consumer Experience" in the context of hedonic consumption and Pine and Gilmour's Experience Economy; the different realms of experience (education, entertainment, aesthetics and escapism); as well as their manifestations in modern retailing. Keywords: consumer experience, hedonic consumption, experience economy, Marketing 5.0, omnichannel consumers, omnichannel retailing Classification-JEL: M31 Pages: 149-160 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/149-160.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:149-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desislava Grozdeva Author-Email: desislava_grozdeva@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Sustainable E-commerce Abstract: In the conditions of a dynamically developing environment, intensive digitalization and growing interest on the part of buyers and sellers in the possibilities of carrying out transactions electronically, more and more attention is paid to the development of e-commerce and its sustainability, in the context of achieving of sustainable development and consumption, introduction and implementation of sustainable e-business models by e-retailers. The focus is on achieving balance and stability between the economic, social and environmental goals in the e-commerce area. The main goal of this paper is to highlight the main guidelines for achieving sustainable e-commerce, by presenting the theoretical summary of the nature and directions in which the sustainability of e-commerce is manifested and through a brief analysis of online commerce data. Keywords: sustainable e-commerce, sustainable development, environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, social sustainability, sustainable consumption Classification-JEL: L81 Pages: 161-171 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/161-171.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:161-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mariya Armyanova Author-Email: armianova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Author-Name: Yanka Aleksandrova Author-Email: yaleksandrova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Artificial Intelligence System Problems and Opportunities to Solve Them with Design Patterns Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is entering almost every sphere of modern life. Its influence cannot be ignored and it permeates almost all modern systems. The requirements for the development of such systems are many, he must not only know the capabilities of AI, but also be able to create a complete system that meets certain quality requirements. Some design patterns are provided to help AI developers. Common development practices at the architecture and project level can be encapsulated as patterns to reuse and bring the expertise in this relatively new technology to all developers. For some of the problems discussed, design patterns can offer an effective solution and thus support the overall development process. The research goal is to explore common problems in AI systems and patterns that can offer a solution. Keywords: Arteficial intelligence, Cognitive computing systems, Design patterns, AI patterns Classification-JEL: C61, C88 Pages: 172-183 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/172-183.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:172-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milena Tsvetkovska Author-Email: tsvetkovska@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Trends in the Development of the Legal Framework of the Stabilization Proceedings According to the Proposed Changes in the Commercial Law Abstract: In the month of May 2022, a Draft Law on Amendments and Supplements to the Trade Law was proposed for public discussion, which envisages serious changes in the matter of merchant stabilization. The present study aims to examine some of the proposed changes in the matter of stabilization proceedings, in comparison with the current legal framework and with the provisions of Directive (EU) 2019/1023. The topicality of the topic is determined by the need to achieve harmonization in the legal framework of individual member states, which is synchronized with European standards and creates effective mechanisms for the preventive restructuring of viable enterprises with financial difficulties. Keywords: stabilization plan, harmonization, merchant failure, trends Classification-JEL: K20 Pages: 184-192 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/184-192.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:184-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Silvia Dimitrova Author-Email: silvia_dimitrova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Expatriates' Adjustment Challenges: Role of Host-country Nationals Abstract: The internationalization of the economy, culture and societies leads to an increasing number of international assignments. In this process, host country nationals are important for successful adjustment and prevention of expatriates' failures. The paper presents the prevalent understandings of adjustment and adaptation of expatriates, as consisted of general, social and work adjustment. Significance and influence of HCNs' specific cultural determinants such as attitude towards age, women, country of origin, foreignism in the society of the foreign countries are discussed. The role of the relevant HCNs in the process of adjustment is defined by the social and informational support it provides to the expatriates. At the end, guidelines for coping with the adaptation challenges are proposed. Keywords: international business, expatriates, adjustment, host country nationals support, cultural distance, cultural characteristics, adjustment dimensions Classification-JEL: Z00, F00 Pages: 193-204 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/193-204.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:193-204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tonina Yaneva Author-Email: tonina.yaneva@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Research of the Digital Transformation in Bulgarian Insurance Companies Abstract: Insurance companies are making increasingly large-scale investments for implementing digital technologies. This gives rise to the need for systematized criteria and indicators for evaluating digitalization and its effect. In this study, an adapted evaluation framework for positioning insurance companies, according to the reached level of digital development is presented. Indicators, showing the cost of digital investments and the result of the insurance activity, from the consolidated financial statements are proposed. The development trend of the selected indicators - software value, gross written premium and acquisition costs, in the top 5 digitally advanced Bulgarian insurance companies are investigated for the period 2012 - 2021. The results of the research show that each of the analyzed insurers is characterized by specific development dynamics of the studied indicators. This can be used as a basis for future research. Keywords: digitalization, evaluation framework, insurance, software, premium, acquisition costs Classification-JEL: G22, O33 Pages: 205-214 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/205-214.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:205-214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desislava Pavlova Author-Email: desislava.pavlova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Crisis Communication Plan Abstract: Prevention and planning are the most effective steps any organization should take to ensure its preparedness to deal with various types of crises. The communication plan is only one element of these steps, which is a key factor in maintaining the internal and external reputation of the organization. Its preparation requires an investment of considerable time and resources. It is not intended to answer all the questions that may arise for the organization in a crisis or to provide all the solutions, but it sets the framework for response and the persons responsible for communication. A communication plan provides an effective response to crises only if it is regularly tested, evaluated and updated. The purpose of this article is to present the features, components and importance of the crisis communication plan, paying special attention to the parties interested in the crisis. Keywords: communication, crisis, crisis communication, crisis management Classification-JEL: O21, A12, D81 Pages: 215-225 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/215-225.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:215-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivan Mihaylov Author-Email: imihaylov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Main Features of Virtualization Platforms on the Example of Proxmox VE Abstract: The Virtualization topic has been researched for years, but it gained popularity in the last century. Virtualization is technology, which unites and devices calculating resources to provide one or more work environments. It is achieved with inserting software between default hardware and OS. In the scientific research their essence, advantages and ways of application are considered. The main types of virtualization are classified and it is emphasized to virtualization, which is based on hypervisor. An analysis is made of different types of hypervisors. Based on the authors' research, a platform for virtualization is suggested - Proxmox VE, which is easy to implement and to use. The characteristics of the suggested platform are examined in detail and it's practical usage in University of economics - Varna is analyzed. The result of the analysis shows a criteria for choosing a virtualization platform. Keywords: virtualization technology, hypervisor, Proxmox, virtual machine, virtualization platforms Classification-JEL: C88 Pages: 226-235 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/226-235.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:226-235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Donka Zhelyazkova Author-Email: d_zhelyazkova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: The Air Transport of Bulgaria in the Conditions of Crisis Abstract: The present study traces the impact of changes in the environment on Bulgaria's air transport, which is particularly vulnerable in times of crisis. This transport sector is viewed through the prism of the health crisis that has accompanied humanity for the past more than two years, and in the future air transport will continue to be directly affected by the unfavorable political situation in Ukraine and the sanctions imposed on and by the Russian Federation. In this connection, the purpose of development was formulated, namely to follow the development of air transport in Bulgaria in the conditions of crisis and to outline the vision for its future development. Air transport is expected to gradually recover, but the forecasts are moderately optimistic given the volatile environment and expectations of an impending economic crisis, caused mainly by a noticeable rise in fuel prices. Keywords: air transport, passengers, cargo, crisis, Bulgaria. Classification-JEL: L90, N70, O18 Pages: 236-242 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Year: 2022 Month: August File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.2/236-242.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:236-242