Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stoyan Marinov
Author-Email: s.marinov@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Comparative Market Characteristics of the Municipality of Varna and the Municipality of Nessebar as Tourist Destinations
Abstract: The Municipality of Varna and the Municipality of Nessebar are the flagships of tourism along the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. The two municipalities are home to Bulgaria's largest seaside tourist resorts - resort complex. "Sunny Beach" and resort complex "Golden Sands". The two municipalities welcome and serve millions of tourists. The article aims to make a comparative description of the development of tourism in the two destinations over time according to basic indicators such as: number of bed-places in the accommodation establishments; number of tourists, number of nights spent, average stay of tourists, income from one tourist and income from one night spent.
Keywords: tourist destination; tourist demand; tourist supply; competitiveness
Classification-JEL: R580
Pages: 3-9
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/3-9.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:3-9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Genka Rafailova
Author-Email: genka.rafailova@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Author-Name: Zlatka Todorova-Hamdan
Author-Email: zlatka.todorova@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Author-Name: Hristina Filipova
Author-Email: h.filipova@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Opportunities for Development of Varna as a Smart Tourism Destination (based on an expert survey among representatives of the tourism industry in Varna)
Abstract: The main purpose of the publication is to present the opportunities for the development of Varna as a smart tourism destination based on a survey among tourism experts in the destination. The paper presents the theoretical framework of the smart tourism destination and a summary of the results of the survey conducted among representatives of the tourism industry in Varna. The expert's vision for the necessary changes and measures is presented. In conclusion, the main directions for the development of Varna as a smart tourism destination are outlined.
Keywords: smart tourism, digital technologies, smart governance
Classification-JEL: L83, O20, Q01, Z32
Pages: 10-17
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/10-17.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:10-17

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svetlana Gercheva
Author-Email: svetlana.gercheva@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Green Electricity Subsidies in Bulgaria - Vectors of (re)distribution
Abstract: Government subsidies are usually targeted to confer benefits to consumers by lowering the prices they pay or to producers by raising the prices they receive. A relatively novel application of the public sector subsidies is within the renewable energy sector. Feed-in tariffs and feed-in premiums are among the driving forces behind the recent expansion of clean electricity generation, while the CO2 allowances allocated for free are projected to induce the conventional power plants in the new member states of the EU to invest the cost savings in environmental abatement. The current paper deals with the vectors of possible (re)distribution of the subsidies for green electricity in order to discern their progressive or regressive features in Bulgaria.
Keywords: green energy subsidies; progressive/regressive (re)distribution; feed-in tariffs; feed-in premiums; CO2 allowances; government compensations
Classification-JEL: H23, Q42, Q48
Pages: 18-26
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/18-26.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:18-26

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tanya Georgieva
Author-Email: t.georgieva@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Joining Producer Organizations as an Opportunity for Risk Management in Bulgarian Agriculture
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to examine some indicators characterizing agricultural producer organizations in Bulgaria in the light of European measures to achieve a fairer food supply chain and, on this basis, to consider opportunities to promote the development of such structures in the country. The number of structures of this type established in Bulgaria sharply increases when the organizations have the opportunity to receive public support, which is not related to a requirement for financial participation of the farmers themselves in the implementation of their planned activities. The established organizations have a small number of members and realize a relatively low share of the production created in the relevant sector. Under these conditions, a political approach to support that part of producer organizations that help limit market risk is essential.
Keywords: risk management, agriculture, producer organizations, fair food supply, bargaining power
Classification-JEL: Q1
Pages: 27-36
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/27-36.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:27-36

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aleksandrina Pancheva
Author-Email: al.pancheva@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Impact of Covid-19 on Banking Performance in the case of Bulgarian Bank System
Abstract: After the World Financial and Economic Crisis, the frequency of bank performance analysis has increased. The reason for this is the negative effects of the crisis, which led to a total rethinking of business models and the behavior of bankers. And while analysts were looking for changes in the behavior of the determinants of bank performance indicators, the world faced a new factor - Covid-19, which gave a new impetus to the studies. Subject of research in this publication are the banks in Bulgaria, and the purpose of the analysis is to outline the determinants of bank profitability and efficiency in the conditions of Covid-19. The thesis advocated in the research is that the banks in Bulgaria are affected by Covid-19 in regards to their key performance indicators, but indirectly and do not fall within the outlined borderlines of a "collapse" of the system, in the context of the countries outside the euro area.
Keywords: bank performance, bank profitability, bank operating efficiency, ROE, ROA, Cost/Income, Covid-19
Classification-JEL: G1, G21
Pages: 37-46
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/37-46.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:37-46

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Velichka Marinova
Author-Email: velichka.peewa@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Digitalization in Packaging
Abstract: Digitization is an invariable process of the packaging life cycle. Its clarification, prerequisites, conditions and manifestation in and through packaging is part of the understanding and characterization of digital packaging. Faced with the opportunity to respond to new consumer demands directly reflected through customization and connected packaging, packaging professionals are applying all the tools of the digital transformation process to their work. The aim of this research is to present the role and the place of digitalization in packaging. In the study have been used the descriptive - analytical approach, the methods of comparison, analysis and synthesist)
Keywords: digitalization, packaging, technology, innovation, printing
Classification-JEL: O30, L70, L81
Pages: 47-57
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/47-57.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:47-57

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Galina Ilieva
Author-Email: g.ilieva@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: The Impact of Social Media on the Destination Image Formation and Tourist Behavior
Abstract: Social Media is becoming more important in the daily lives of consumers and can plays a major role in forming impressions about tourism destinations. This is especially true during the current pandemic, when traveling is restricted and people increase the time they spend online. Social media can play a distinguished role in searching for and sharing travel information. Moreover, social media also impacts travel decisions regarding which destination to select. Therefore it is particularly important for the tourism industry, where competition to attract tourists is the biggest concern. The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of social media on the destination image and impact on the visit decision.
Keywords: social media, image, destination, tourist behaviour, visit intention
Classification-JEL: M31
Pages: 58-66
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/58-66.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:58-66

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Plamena Milusheva
Author-Email: plammena@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Current Problems in the Supply of Commercial and Manufacturing Companies in Bulgaria During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic affected all sectors of the economy around the world and has significant challenges to supply chains. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to identify the current problems of supply as a business practice and to make recommendations aimed at reducing the negative effect of the crisis.
Keywords: supply, pandemic, logistics, suppliers
Classification-JEL: A1
Pages: 67-72
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/67-72.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:67-72

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Radoslav Radev
Author-Email: r.radev@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Food Safety in the Conditions of Covid-19
Abstract: The purpose of the scientific article is to study food safety in the conditions of Covid-19. The methods used in writing the scientific article are descriptive-analytical method, systematic approach, study of the works of authors, comparative analysis, method of observation, induction, deduction. In the study is presented potential food safety risks in the context of Covid-19. There is no evidence to suggest that consuming food is associated infecting consumers with COVID-19. This opinion is confirmed both by the research of the scientific community and by the positions of some national, european and world institutions. Consumers have to don't worry about about food safety in the conditions of Covid-19.
Keywords: food safety, covid-19
Classification-JEL: Q18
Pages: 73-83
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/73-83.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:73-83

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Galina Ivanova
Author-Email: yordanova_galina@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Social Networks: Opportunities for Sustainable Agribusiness Organizations Development
Abstract: The need to research social networks that operate through interactions between business organizations is influenced by current realities, where the business environment is rapidly changing, which is one of the main challenges facing agribusiness organizations in modern conditions. The purpose of this paper is to justify the social networks importance for sustainable development of agribusiness organizations, based on a review existing interpretation in the specialized literature on the nature of the concept of "social networks" and given examples of networks that are actually operating at national level. The topic of research is based on the network's characteristics noted in specialized literature as a key tool to supporting and promoting the sustainable agribusiness organizations development.
Keywords: network, social network, agribusiness, business organizations, interaction, opportunities, sustainable development
Classification-JEL: Q01, Q10, Q13
Pages: 84-92
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/84-92.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:84-92

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dimitar Kolev
Author-Email: dhkolev@abv.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: The Nature of the Golf Complex as a Tourism Business Model
Abstract: Governments and tourist boards around the world have recognized the importance of golf travel and the great potential it has to generate sustainable growth ,high revenue and low negative tourism impact. Golf has been used to change the image of a destination, increase 5 star hotel room sales, attract meetings & incentive events, generate real estate sales, draw inward investment, improve environmental sustainability, enhance water conservation and create leisure and sporting opportunities for all areas of the hospitality industry. To achieve all this suitable business model for the golf complex is essential. The aim of this article is to establish the parameters of the business model, which will help ensure that development of golf complex will be economically viable and sustainable.
Keywords: business model; golf complex; golf travel; components; tourism; golf course
Classification-JEL: M210
Pages: 93-101
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/93-101.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:93-101

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diyana Boteva
Author-Email: diyana.boteva@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Price and Distribution Policy of Seaside Holiday Hotels on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in the Conditions of the COVID Crisis
Abstract: The object of this article is pricing and distribution in the hospitality industry, and the subject is the relationship between pricing and distribution policy in seaside holiday hotels. Based on the literature review and direct observations of the author on the activities of seaside holiday hotels on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, the author aims to reveal the importance of pricing for the successful distribution of the seaside holiday product. A special emphasis is placed on interdependence between pricing and distribution policy of seaside holiday hotels in the conditions of Covid-19 crisis in tourism.
Keywords: seaside hotels; price; pricing policy; distribution policy; Covid-19
Classification-JEL: R580
Pages: 102-111
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/102-111.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:102-111

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Natalia Silicheva
Author-Email: natalia.silicheva@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Methodology for Forming Tourist Complexes and Clusters, European Experience
Abstract: The article is devoted to the problems of the methodology for the formation of tourist clusters as a special form of territorial organization of the production of tourism products in a market economy. In this regard, the cluster is considered as a system capable of creating a special innovative environment conducive to increased competition and development of the region. The prospects for further implementation of the EU cluster policy are considered, in particular, the results of the methodological analysis carried out suggest that increasing the efficiency of the economic clustering process in European countries is associated with the implementation of a number of aspects.
Keywords: cluster, methodology, cluster policy, tourist complexes, EU.
Classification-JEL: O12, O31
Pages: 112-119
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/112-119.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:112-119

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Radostina Prodanova
Author-Email: radostina_prodanova@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Comparative Analysis of the Online Reputation of Class A and Class B Accommodation in Burgas
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to give us an overview via the comparative analysis of some main components of online reputation between two different types of accommodation - hotels and family hotels. With the use of the statistical package SPSS, the ratings, the number of reviews, and the response rate of the two types of objects were studied. The results are showing that family hotels have higher rating scores on Booking.com (8.64%) compared to pure hotels (8.05%). What is also showing that for family hotels, management responses influence pricing, while for hotels, the category and rating of the object are crucial. The response rate for both types of accommodation is still too low: 11.3% for family hotels and 14.6% for pure hotels. Also, the study reports a strong correlation between ratings in Google.com and Booking.com.
Keywords: online reputation, hotel reputation, consumer reviews, rating, response rate, Booking.com, hotel, family hotel
Classification-JEL: L83, M31, Z30, Z33
Pages: 120-129
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/120-129.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:120-129

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Teodora Teofilova
Author-Email: teodora_teofilova@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Standardization and Certification of Service in the Bulgarian Hotel Industry
Abstract: The tourism market in recent decades has been characterised by an increasing number and diversity of accommodations. This global trend also applies to Bulgaria, where the tourism industry is well developed. Trends in tourism demand and the increased criteria of tourists require an increasingly diverse and quality hotel offering, as well as consideration of opportunities to create sustainable service standards oriented towards positive results and creating more loyal customers. This paper presents an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing service in hotels. Its main objective is to explore the attitudes of entrepreneurs in the industry as well as the level of awareness of the need to apply new knowledge and skills to hotel service standardization and certification.
Keywords: tourism, hotel service, standardization, certification, quality, SWOT analysis
Classification-JEL: Z300
Pages: 130-137
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/130-137.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:130-137

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Velina Kazandzhieva
Author-Email: velina_kaz@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Assessment of Domestic and Outbound Tourism in Bulgaria - 2022 Tourist Season
Abstract: The goal of the article is, through an analysis of the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on the trips of Bulgarians, to formulate conclusions and recommendations for the development of domestic and outbound tourism. The object of the research is the travels of Bulgarian citizens aged 15 and over on the territory of the country and visits within the scope of passive tourism for the period 2019 - 2022. The subject of the research refers to the leading categories and forms of tourism in accordance with the recommendations of the UNWTO. Methods of situational and comparative analysis, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, statistical methods and expert assessments are used in the article.
Keywords: Bulgarian travels, domestic tourism, outbound tourism, effects of COVID-19.
Classification-JEL: Z320
Pages: 138-148
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/138-148.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:138-148

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rosen Nikolaev
Author-Email: nikolaev_rosen@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Long-term Recurring Deposits with Variable Installments
Abstract: Term periodic deposits are the main means of forming people's savings. Different needs and savings opportunities can be met through different modifications of the standard schemes for depositing funds in periodic deposits. The paper offers three options for long-term recurring deposits with changing contributions. Methods for deriving generalized formulas in each of them are proposed and peculiarities in solving problems of this type are considered. The theoretical results are aprobed with examples and self-study tasks are proposed. The research in the article has not only practical meaning, but can also be useful in the process of educating pupils and university students, as it enables them to realize the overall logic of deposit formation and make their own modifications.
Keywords: Deposit, Geometric Progression, Variable Installments.
Classification-JEL: C02
Pages: 149-156
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/149-156.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:149-156

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Georgina Lukanova
Author-Email: lukanova@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Modern Transformations in Hotel Service
Abstract: The purpose of the present study is to trace the most significant modern transformations in hotel service worldwide, which could also find application in the Bulgarian hotel industry. The first part of the publication examines the factors, as a result of which significant changes occur in the way hotel organizations interact with their customers. The first factor that has had an important impact on the development of the world hotel industry in recent years is the change in the characteristics of hotel consumers and their expectations about hotel service. The second factor, the impact of which in the last two years has radically changed not only the hotel sector but also socio-economic life in general, is the global spread of COVID-19 and the efforts the world is making to contain it. The second part of the paper examines innovative intelligent solutions based on self-service technologies, service automation, and artificial intelligence, which significantly accelerate the adaptation of the hospitality industry to new realities. It is completely realistic to claim that these technologies are also applicable in the Bulgarian hotel industry, especially since some of them are already being implemented in Bulgarian hotels, although still as isolated cases.
Keywords: hotel service, hospitality transformations, hotel consumers, effects of COVID-19
Classification-JEL: Z310
Pages: 157-166
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/157-166.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:157-166

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tanka Milkova
Author-Email: tankamilkova@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: A Stochastic Inventory Management Model with Consideration of Additional Information
Abstract: Proper management of stocks in the logistics system is essential for achieving high economic performance of any economic organization in the modern economy. The choice of appropriate models and methods for effective stock management depends on the nature of their consumption. In general, two main types of inventory consumption are considered - in certain and in case of random demand. In literature, a fundamental model for the management of stocks in random demand is known, using probability characteristics for the consumption of a certain quantity of the stock. These values are often difficult to set completely correctly. The article offers an opportunity to overcome these difficulties by constructing an algorithm to determine them taking into account additional information about the environment.
Keywords: Inventory Management, Stochastic Models.
Classification-JEL: C61
Pages: 167-174
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/167-174.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:167-174

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vesselina Maximova
Author-Email: v_maximova@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: The EU Green Deal and the Necessity for Organizational Changes in Bulgarian Apparel and Textile Companies
Abstract: The paper discusses the expected textile and apparel regulations intended in the EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles, as well as the necessary changes which the organizations in said industry should consider in order to adapt to the new requirements. Based on an overview of publicly released policies and scholarly reports and analyses, there are formulated two main approaches to ensuring circularity within the industry - slowing down the loop and closing the loop. After a brief analysis of the situation in the Bulgarian textile and apparel industry, possible changes in strategies, processes, organizational structures and systems which may be considered, are proposed. Building new partnerships along the entire extended value chain, changes in the customer communication strategy in order to establish trust in the brand, the development of new values within and outside of the organization, and increasing innovation potential are among the essential steps towards realizing the necessary changes.
Keywords: sustainable fashion, circular business models, organizational changes, textiles, EU regulations for textiles
Classification-JEL: L20, L67, Q58
Pages: 175-184
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/175-184.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:175-184

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svetlana Todorova
Author-Email: svetlana.todorova@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Statistical Significance, Power of the Test, and Effect Size Measures in Two-independent-samples t-test case
Abstract: Quantitative research is focused on determining the occurrence of certain population phenomena by analyzing data from a sample. Statistics is a tool that is used to check hypotheses and make decisions to reject or fail to reject such hypotheses. In this paper, the various statistical tools are reviewed: the limitations of null hypothesis significance testing and the advantages of using effect size as two measurements, which can provide important information about the results of a study. These measurements also can help interpretation of data results and easily detect trivial effects. Further, it is recommended to establish an appropriate sample size by using the optimum statistical power of the test that the research is designed. We discuss statistical significance, sample size, power of the test, and effect size, all of which have an enormous impact on how we interpret the results.
Keywords: statistical significance, power of the test, effect size, sample size, independent samples t-test
Classification-JEL: C12, C18, C88 
Pages: 185-192
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/185-192.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:185-192

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mihaela Dimitrova
Author-Email: mihaela_dimitrova@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Factors Affecting Hoteliers' Management Decisions for Sustainable Development
Abstract: The tourism is one of the fastest growing economic sectors worldwide and an enormous quantities of resources including natural resources are needed to develop it. But its developing creates many risks for the environment, economic and locals of the tourist destinations. The government of destinations and hotels managers should find the right way to drive their business and to protect the environment. The concept of sustainable development is suitable to be applied in the sector of tourism. Its principles reach the balance between environment, economic and the welfare of locals. The sustainable concept and its applying in the tourism and hospitality sectors generate a lot of benefits for the environment, economic and locals. The author of this paper made a research with the hospitality managers in Kavarna municipality about their readiness to implement the sustainable principles and the factors which affect them.
Keywords: sustainable development, sustainable tourist destinations, sustainable hotels, tourism, hospitality
Classification-JEL: Z310
Pages: 193-201
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/193-201.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:193-201

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sevgi Seid
Author-Email: sevgi.seid@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Some Applicable Aspects of the "Technology-tourism" Relationship for Development of the Tourism Product of the Municipality of Isperih
Abstract: Innovative technologies have expanded their scope of application and strengthened their role in the tourism industry due to their rapid development. Their implementation in tourism is accelerated by the increased usage of smart devices and users' attitudes towards the enhancement of the tourism experience through technology. The integration of modern technologies into tourism products has the potential to increase competitiveness, improve the overall experience in the destination and provide opportunities for development and exploitation of untapped tourism resources. The article aims to explore the way technologies affect tourism and their intact contribution to product development of the tourist destination.
Keywords: technologies, tourism destination, product development
Classification-JEL: Z320
Pages: 202-213
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/202-213.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:202-213

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tihomir Patarinski
Author-Email: tihomir.patarinski@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Overtourism as a Prerequisite for the Sustainability of Tourist Destinations
Abstract: This article defines the development of travel and tourism and provides the historical context that give rise to the use of tourism as a development tool. The impacts of tourism are discussed, and sustainability is introduced as a method for minimizing the negative impacts. As a contemporary phenomenon overtourism is a new vision to understand what is happening in traditional touristic destinations because of increasing of tourism and its impact on infrastructures and facilities. It reflects challenges of managing growing tourism flows into destinations and the impact of tourism on cities and its residents. This study provides a systematic literature review about how the travel and tourism industry are changing and developing in the world and how overtourism impacts sustainability in the destinations.
Keywords: Tourism History, Overtourism, Carrying Capacity, Impacts, Sustainability, Tourism and Growth
Classification-JEL: Z320
Pages: 214-221
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/214-221.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:214-221

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michal Stojanov
Author-Email: michal.stojanov@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Title: Voice Commerce Technology Capabilities
Abstract: The technology of voice input of commands or voice search of objects in an online environment creates a new field for its application for the purpose of e-commerce. This allows the user to set search parameters and run commands using their voice in a new hands-free way. The main idea of this article is to conceptualize the essence of voice commerce (VC) and its features, benefits and disadvantages as an approach to search for consumer products and their purchase over the Internet using the technology of voice control of smart personal devices. The work presents data on the progress in the spread of the use of voice search technologies in commercial exchange and the main prerequisites for the popularization of voice commerce in modern retailing.
Keywords: voice commerce, e-commerce, online sales, internet retailing, information and communication technology, voice search technology
Classification-JEL: L81
Pages: 222-228
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2022
Month: April
File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2022.11.1/222-228.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:222-228