Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Velichka Marinova Author-Email: velichka.peewa@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Trends in Packaging Sector Abstract: The packaging industry is one of the fastest growing sectors of the world economy. The new Covid reality has changed the conditions in which the business operates, including the packaging sector. In these circumstances, the packaging industry proves to be key to the successful implementation of activities and satisfying the changing consumer requirements. The aim of this research is to present the trends in packaging sector. In the study have been used the descriptive - analytical approach, the methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis. Keywords: packaging trends, packaging materials, Covid-19, packaging sector Classification-JEL: Q53, L70, L81 Pages: 3-13 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/3-13.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:3-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dancho Petrov Author-Email: dpetrov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Household Indebtedness Indicators - a Critical Review Abstract: Increased levels of household indebtedness in the economic theory and practice are seen as a serious problem for macro-financial stability. The high growth rates of household financial liabilities serve as a warning signal of an impending economic crisis and pose a potential risk to financial stability. However, there is still a lack of consensus among experts and the academic community on the adoption and implementation of a generally accepted system of indicators for measuring the level of indebtedness. The lack of aggregated standard for indebtedness indicators makes it difficult to conduct stress tests on both the ability of households to absorb losses and the resilience of the financial system to economic shocks. The present study attempts to systematize the indicators of household indebtedness and to perform a critical analysis of their strengths and weaknesses. The objects of analysis are the financial liabilities of households to banks and other financial institutions. Budget commitments and other utility payments remain out of the focus of research. The findings of the study could be useful for the practice of experts in family finance management, policymakers, regulators and supervisors in activities to improve credit risk management in financial institutions and financial management at the macro and micro levels. Keywords: household indebtedness, indebtedness indicators, debt market, financial institutions, over-indebtedness Classification-JEL: G51 Pages: 14-22 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/14-22.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:14-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desislava Ivanova Author-Email: desislava_ivanova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Egyptian Grain Market and its Importance over the Bulgarian Production and Export of Agricultural Products Abstract: The Egyptian market is essential market, having influence over the global pricing within the international grain markets, as Egypt is playing key role in the import and demand of raw materials through government tenders. Delivering the food to the right place at the right time appears to be very much important, due to the rising concerns about the uncertainty of food security and nutrition of the population. Having knowledge and information about the imports in Egypt is giving opportunity to Bulgaria to be more competitive among the competitors, to popularize the Bulgarian agricultural products, such as wheat, corn, barley and to create a better image for the country. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the Egyptian grain market in terms of the imported products, as far as the country is considered to be one of the main net importers of wheat and to reveal the opportunities for Bulgaria to supply grain products to this market. The purpose of the publication is to study the impact of key indicators in Egypt on the production, prices and wheat sales in Bulgaria. Keywords: grain market; food security; import; export; commodities; nutrition; trade. Classification-JEL: F1 Pages: 23-28 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/23-28.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:23-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Donka Zhelyazkova Author-Email: d_zhelyazkova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Comparative Analysis of the Current State of Maritime Transport in Bulgaria and Romania Abstract: Economic changes acquire a global scale and therefore it's considered necessary to seek out adequate solutions in the transport field which are to not only meet the requirements for on time and correct drop off deliveries but are also to conform to basic economic parameters and ecologic factors. One of the variants that allows the carriage of goods with favorable costs and less ecological footprints is maritime transport. Due to this, it is deemed that this type will have to establish a substantial presence in the Bulgarian transport space. Through progress into a research it has been confirmed that Bulgarian maritime transport has extremely low levels of the "goods carried" indicator and compared to the Romanian it's lacking. This puts the country in a difficult competitive position in the transport market in the Black sea region and in Europe. Keywords: maritime transport, good carried, Bulgaria, Romania Classification-JEL: L90, N70, O18 Pages: 29-36 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/29-36.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:29-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gergana Slavova Author-Email: ggss@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Impact of the COVID 19 Pandemic on the Development of Rural and Ecological Tourism in Bulgaria Abstract: The last two years (2020 and 2021) have changed the world and people's attitudes towards nature. Healthcare and protection against the insidious virus have become paramount tasks for the whole of human society. Against the background of this global pandemic and the huge damage suffered on a number of economic and social sectors, including tourism, the development of two of the main alternative forms of tourism during a pandemic is of interest to us from a research point of view. The article aims to analyze the direct and indirect impact of the pandemic on the development of rural and ecological tourism in Bulgaria. To achieve this, in-depth, pre-structured interviews with entrepreneurs working in the sector, in different regions of the country, are conducted helping us to identify the main problems and opportunities for the development of this specific type of entrepreneurship. The study is based on a representative sample, as we cannot cover all rural and ecological accommodations offered in the country, but the results are more than interesting and useful, both for future development and for comparison with conventional tourism in the studied areas. Keywords: rural tourism, ecological tourism, pandemic, Covid 19, opportunities, threats Classification-JEL: O13, Q51, Q56, Z32 Pages: 37-44 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/37-44.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:37-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Plamen Yankov Author-Email: yankov.plamen@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Author-Name: Julian Vasilev Author-Email: vasilev@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Author-Name: Pavel Petrov Author-Email: petrov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Author-Name: Liliya Mileva Author-Email: l.mileva@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Author-Name: Svetlana Todorova Author-Email: svetlana.todorova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Forecast the Gross Value Added in Construction Sector of Bulgaria with SARIMA Model Abstract: Construction is an important sector for national economies because it contributes with relatively high gross value added (GVA). The purpose of this study is to forecast GVA in a short-term period based on seasonal ARIMA models. Quarterly time series data from 2010 to 2020 are used for modelling and forecasting. Stationarity is achieved after differencing both - seasonal and non-seasonal component of the data. Based on autocorrelation plots SARIMA model is selected as most accurate. Ljung-Box test for the absence of autocorrelation confirms that the model is adequate and suitable to forecast. The current study is conducted as part of the research project BG05M2OP001-1.002-0002-C02 "Digitalization of Economy in a Big Data Environment". Keywords: SARIMA, gross value added, forecast, construction Classification-JEL: E170 Pages: 45-54 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/45-54.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:45-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radka Ivanova Author-Email: r.ivanova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: ISO 31000 - Prerequisite for Strategic Risk Management in the Activities of Organizations Abstract: Each sphere of human activity is accompanied by risk-related situations, regardless of the size, the subject matter, the scope, and the geographical location of the organization. The many internal and external factors and influences, to which the entities are subject, create conditions of uncertainty as to the timing and extent of their objectives. Some of the risks can be predicted and others may not, which requires the systematization of specific actions to help organizations adapt to change more easily and quickly. Achieving this requires clarifying the specifics of risk situations and finding the right approach to them. The purpose of this article is to characterize the specificities of the risk and to analyze the importance of ISO 31000 in defining the responsibilities of organizations for its management. Keywords: Risk, Risk Management, ISO 31000:2018 Classification-JEL: O10, O20, M210 Pages: 55-62 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/55-62.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:55-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Silvia Parusheva Author-Email: parusheva@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Author-Name: Yanka Aleksandrova Author-Email: yalexandrova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Digital Technologies and Tools - Drivers of Digitalization in Construction Abstract: Construction is a structural sector that creates the infrastructure for the functioning of other sectors, which is why its development is essential for the national economy. For this reason, the digitalization of construction is paramount. It is characterized by great complexity of production processes and typical conservatism, which is why it is known for its difficulties in the transition to digitalization. Digital technologies and tools are the engines of digitalization in construction. The paper explores the importance of some key technologies and tools for its digitization - first, the role of building information modeling, along with the application of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality, mobile technologies, and cloud computing. Sensors and other tools and technologies belonging to the Internet of Things, as well as the use of drones, have great potential for revolutionizing the construction sector. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning help analyze large amounts of data in construction and help make timely, accurate and efficient decisions. The study highlights the importance of resources as basis for the digitalization of construction with focus on human resources. Keywords: Digitalization of construction, building information modeling (BIM), virtual reality, cloud computing, mobile technologies, drones, IoT, sensors Classification-JEL: C88, R0 Pages: 63-71 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/63-71.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:63-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stoyan Kirov Author-Email: kirov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Pandemic Digitalization of the Insurance Business Abstract: COVID-19 changed not only the insurance distribution, but it created the preconditions for technological growth of the insurance business. Against the background of all the negative consequences of the pandemic, incl. increasing health and economic risks, reduce the risk tolerance of consumers. That explains the increased interest in insurance products and hence the growing market shares of insurance companies. However, increased demand has its digital price. Consumers want fast, remote and personalized service in an online environment. Modern users may refuse to visit an insurance office or standardized product. The pandemic managed to radically change people's habits and needs in a short time which found insurers unprepared to adapt to them. For many years the insurance industry delayed technological innovation and was conservative about digital transformations. It is the reason why insurers are now vulnerable and at risk of failing to keep up with new trends. In this context the research seeks to outline the main technological areas in which the insurance business must develop in order to be successful. Unfortunately the digitalization of distribution channels is faster than product innovations, which is a significant problem for successful market penetration. Keywords: digital insurance, insurance technologies, InsurTech, insurance innovations, business models, digital transformation, digital customer experience. Classification-JEL: G22, O32 Pages: 72-79 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/72-79.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:72-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabka Pashova Author-Email: spashova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Contemporary Aspects of Goods` Safety Abstract: Goods safety is the basis of the quality of life of consumers in the modern conditions of the dynamically developing environment. Protection against risks of acquiring goods that may endanger life and health of consumers includes requirements for the general safety of the goods and the manufacturer's liability for damage caused by defective goods. The aim of the article is to present summarized up-to-date information on: legislative framework in this field in national and international aspect; factors that affect goods safety; relationship between goods safety, offered to consumers and hazards risks;control of good. Keywords: safety, goods, consumers` protection Classification-JEL: I18, Q18 Pages: 80-89 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/80-89.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:80-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Teodorina Turlakova Author-Email: tturlakova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Opportunities for Application of the Bioeconomy in Rural Areas - Principles and Practice Abstract: Bioeconomy is an innovative approach in the economy of the region, aimed at integrating the available natural and labour resources, production facilities, the achievements of science in the field of innovation technologies. These are related to the production of material goods, the conversion of production and energy in the direction of fuller utilization of organic and mineral sources as a raw material resource for achieving sustainable development in the field of production and consumption, stable economic development and growth living standards of the population while protecting the environment and resources. The aim of the report is to analyze the possibilities for applying the bio economy in rural areas through research and innovation, stimulating private investment, developing new value chains and engaging stakeholders. The role of the CAP in supporting and financing activities of the bio and circular economy models is argued. Keywords: Bio economy; CAP; circular economy; environment; resources Classification-JEL: M21 Pages: 90-96 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/90-96.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:90-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tonina Yaneva Author-Email: tonina.yaneva@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Digital Transformation of Insurance Sector Abstract: Nowadays the digital revolution is one of the most important determinants of economic development. The penetration of Internet and the dynamically changing business environment confronts the conservative insurance sector with the opportunities and challenges, arising from the need to adapt to the digital economy. The global pandemic COVID-19 has had its impact and accelerated the digitalization process in the lagging insurance sector. The subject of this study are the problems, related to the determination of the nature and features of the digital transformation in the insurance sector. The purpose of this report is to examine the need of digital transformation in the insurance sector and the change in business models, due to the implementation and expansion of information technology. Through a theoretical summary will be revealed the impact of digitalization on the activities of insurance companies, on customers' behavior and will be drawn conclusions about the application of technologies for increasing the competitive power. Keywords: digital transformation, digital insurance, digital insurance leaders, SOG-e model, value chain Classification-JEL: G22, O33 Pages: 97-104 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/97-104.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:97-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dimitria Karadimova Author-Email: d.karadimova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Comparative Analysis of the Mortality Rate in Bulgaria Before and During COVID-19 Abstract: This article compares the mortality rate in Bulgaria before and during COVID-19. The analysis is based on annual data of the population and the number of deaths - in total and by age groups in the period 2002 - 2020. Official data sources have been used - NSI (National Statistical Institute) and EUROSTAT. The survey methodology includes total mortality rates, age mortality rates, standardization of the overall mortality rate and decomposition of the relative difference in mortality. On one hand, the comparative analysis takes into account the difference in the total mortality rates during the compared periods, which is due to the change in age mortality. On the other hand, the influence of the age structure of the population is taken into consideration. Keywords: total mortality rate, age mortality rates, age structure of the population, standardization of the total mortality rate, index method Classification-JEL: J110, O150 Pages: 105-113 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/105-113.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:105-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivo Stamboliyski Author-Email: ivo_stamboliyski@abv.bg Author-Workplace-Name: Varna Free University "Chernorizetz Hrabar" Title: On the Statute of Philosophic Anthropology Abstract: The subject matter and objectives of philosophical anthropology are examined. The article focuses on the contemporary problems that should be resolved in the 21st century due to the processes of globalization and the increasing importance of the human factor. Keywords: Philosophy, philosophical anthropology, globalization, man. Classification-JEL: Z13 Pages: 114-121 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/114-121.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:114-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Rohova Author-Email: maria.rohova@mu-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Medicine - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Author-Name: Stefka Koeva Author-Email: stefka.koeva@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Medicine - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: The Resilience Approach to Health System Performance: What is it and why it Matters Abstract: Resilience is an emerging concept in health system performance, which has gained significant attention after the 2008 global economic crisis and the Zica and Ebola outbreaks. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously enhanced the research interest toward the topic, considering resilience as an essential aspect of health system governance and strengthening. The aim of the study is to review the concept of health system resilience and to synthesise the current state of ideas. The study traces the development of the concept in health care and the influence of other scientific fields. Different interpretations of resilience in the context of the health system as a complex adaptive system are scrutinised in order to summarise the underlying characteristics and capacities of the resilient health care. As undesirable as the shocks, crises, disruptive events, perturbations and stresses are, they stimulate efforts to comprehend the system better, to get to know the kinds of disturbances it can endure, its possible tolerance and performance boundaries, capacity to react and adapt and, eventually, to transform. Keywords: health system, resilience, crises, complex adaptive system, resistance Classification-JEL: I18 Pages: 122-132 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/122-132.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:122-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michal Stojanov Author-Email: michal.stojanov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Evaluation of the Efficiency of Expenditures of Non-Financial Enterprises by Economic Activities in Bulgaria Abstract: In the conditions of continuously changing market environment, the business agents are looking for working strategies and tools for improving the use of resources and achieving the desired economic and social effects. The paper evaluates and critically analyses two key metrics for measuring the expenditure efficiency of non-financial enterprises in Bulgaria by selected groups of economic activities and total for 2010 and 2019. The study confirms that certain economic activities of the national economy perform superior than others, which in comparative and dynamic aspect, confirms the ability of some economic agents to perform better in terms of optimization decisions for resource allocation, additionally is validated the logical relation of higher revenues from the activities of economic operators are caused by higher costs/expenses and vice versa. Keywords: efficiency of expenditures, non-financial enterprises, economic activities, Covid-19 Classification-JEL: D20, D61 Pages: 133-140 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/133-140.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:133-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosen Nikolaev Author-Email: nikolaev_rosen@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Author-Name: Tanka Milkova Author-Email: tankamilkova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Two-Dimensional Problem for Using the Resources with Inconstant Expense Rates Abstract: The model of using the resources optimally is a well-known one in the theory of linear optimization. It provides an opportunity for determining an optimal production plan for a certain number of products based on given cost rates of each resource to produce one unit of each product, given stock quantities of raw materials used and given prices of the final products. In the present paper an opportunity to determine the optimal production plan is revealed if some of the cost rates are not fixed but depend on a parameter. The methods of parametric linear optimization are used, demonstrating options to apply the graphical method for solving a two-dimensional problem for using the resources. Keywords: Linear Programming, Optimization, Parametric Linear Programming Classification-JEL: C610 Pages: 141-148 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/141-148.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:141-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hristo Mavrov Author-Email: mavrov_h@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Income Inequality and Health during the Covid-19 pandemic - Bulgaria compared to some European Countries Abstract: The paper analyzes the relationship between income inequality and health with a focus on the years of the Kovid-19 pandemic. Income inequality is measured by the Gini coefficient of income, and health is measured by Excess deaths in 2020 per 100,000 population, relative to the 2017-2019 average. Data of both variables are from the World Happiness Report 2021. The number of European countries covered are 36 including the United States and Israel. The calculated correlation coefficient (0.37) shows a significant positive correlation between the Gini index and excess deaths in 2020. The conclusion is made that too high income inequality is at least part of the explanation why Bulgaria is hit harder by the COVID-19 pandemic than all other countries in the world. Keywords: income inequality, health, Covid-19, Bulgaria Classification-JEL: I140, I310 Pages: 149-157 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/149-157.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:149-157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tzveta Zafirova Author-Email: tzveta_zafirova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Integration of the Processes of Strategic and Crisis Management in the Conditions of Crisis Abstract: The aim of the article is to study the relationship between the processes of strategic management and crisis management and their integration into strategic crisis management. The study is based on a study of a large number of literature sources clarifying the relationship between the two processes. A comparative analysis was made between the two processes. The place and role of strategic crisis management in the historical transformation of the traditional management process is sought. The thesis is accepted that crisis management is inextricably linked to strategic management and both processes must be integrated into one process of strategic crisis management. Keywords: strategic management, crisis management, strategic crisis management, strategic approach Classification-JEL: M16, M19 Pages: 158-168 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/158-168.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:158-168 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tsvetomir Manolov Author-Email: wt_varna@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Title: Influence of Covid-19 on the Solvency of Companies in Bulgaria Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic affected the activities of every company in Bulgaria. As a result, the solvency of many companies deteriorates, both in the short and long term. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to examine how the global pandemic of coronavirus has affected the solvency of companies listed on the stock exchange index BGTR30. The annual financial statements of the companies for 2019 and 2020 have been studied. Given the requirements imposed on them and interest, they arouse among investors, these companies should maintain relatively good values of the solvency ratios. Keywords: solvency, analysis, Covid-19, Bulgarian Stock Exchange Classification-JEL: M41, D22 Pages: 169-175 Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: http://su-varna.org/journal/IJUSV-ESS/2021.10.1/169-175.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:169-175