Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ivan Roussev
Author-Email: ivroussev@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Varna During the Ottoman Period (from the 15th to the 19th C.) - Research Achievements and Perspectives
Abstract: This paper presents the achievements of, and the perspectives for, research on the history of Varna during the Ottoman period (from the 15th to the 19th C.). The historical sources that provide information on the subject are discussed in detail: Ottoman, Greek, Bulgarian, periodicals, foreign sources, and consular correspondence. The first written accounts on the history of the city are also taken into consideration. To a certain extent, they also play the role of historical sources on the subject. An overview is made of the topics on which scientific research is still to be done. The conclusion is drawn that in the future the history of Varna during the Ottoman period should be explored by analyzing all available historical sources in a comprehensive and unbiased way, and taking into account the diversity of the city's population in the period.
Classification-JEL: N9, N1
Keywords: Varna, Ottoman period, historical sources - Ottoman, Greek, Bulgarian, periodical, foreign sources, consular correspondence
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 5-14
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/5-14.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:5-14

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marieta Stefanova
Author-Email: mstefanova@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Author-Name: Svetlana Todorova
Author-Email: svetlana.todorova@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Risk Analysis of the External and Internal Environment According to ISO 9001:2015
Abstract: Many biscuit manufacturers face the issue of updating quality management systems based on a risk analysis imposed by recent changes to ISO 9001:2015. It has been found that the main innovation in the standard is the determination of the analysis of the risk related to the influence of external and internal factors of the environment. The purpose of this study is to apply in practice a methodology for risk analysis of the external and internal environment of the organization using the example or the case of biscuit production. The model is based on an expert evaluation and includes the simultaneous application of FMEA (failure mode and effects analysis) and PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental) analyses. The application of the two methods has allowed the identification of risk priorities in the internal and external environment, and their ranging has allowed the identification of activities necessary to reduce or eliminate risks. The paper is expected to be particularly useful for those organizations that are about to update their quality management systems according to ISO 9001: 2015.
Classification-JEL: M2
Keywords: risk analysis, risk priorities, FMEA, ISO 9001:2015
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 15-24
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/15-24.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:15-24

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Radina Momchilova
Author-Email: radina.momchilova@abv.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: The Professionalism of Bank Staff as a Key Factor in Customer Migration in Retail Banking
Abstract: In today's dynamic and technology driven market reality, characterized by increased consumer expectations, classical retail banking faces unprecedented challenges. Offering individualized financial solutions, building long-term relationships with customers and minimizing client migration are key factors in maintaining the leadership position of banks in the market segment under consideration. The research objective in this paper is focused on defining the impact of the bank staff's professional qualities on the decision of customers to remain loyal to their financial services provider or to migrate to a competitive institution. The conducted online survey and the subsequent analysis prove that the professional performance of bank employees is a critical factor that determines the migration attitudes of retail banking clients in Bulgaria.
Classification-JEL: G21, M31, M59
Keywords: customer migration, customer loyalty, banking staff, professionalism, retail banking
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 25-36
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/25-36.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:25-36

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sevgi Osman
Author-Email: sevgi.mertkan@gmail.com
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Sustainability Reporting in the Banking Sector
Abstract: Adequate disclosure of sustainable development - a concept that is extremely important for companies across sectors - provides the opportunity to track progress and achievements in this direction. In recent years, there has been significant growth in initiatives to improve accountability. Considering the role of the financial sector for the whole economy and society and the growing environmental care, the provision of non-financial information by banks is also an extremely important task for them. But the numerous overlapping frameworks, principles, standards, etc., the lack of a standardized approach and generally accepted practice in this area leads to a decrease in transparency. Therefore, there is a need to harmonize existing practices for more sustainability reporting and / or updating in line with the latest sectoral requirements. 
Classification-JEL: A00
Keywords: sustainability reporting, banking industry, frameworks, standards, principles, codes of conduct, harmonization
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 37-47
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/37-47.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:37-47

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petar Nikolov
Author-Email: p.nikolov@finance-varna.com
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Network Structure of Banking Sector in Bulgaria
Abstract: The report presents a relatively new approach to analyzing structure and sustainability of banking sector in Bulgaria. Based on direct interbank linkages, banking system is modeled as a network consisting of a core and peripheral layers. It helps to identify systemically important banks (forming the core) and evaluate to what extent their critical mass and stability are vital to the integrity of the network. In addition, emphasis is placed on ongoing mergers and acquisitions and their effect on network structure and stability of banking sector.
Classification-JEL: G21
Keywords: networks, network structure, direct linkages, core and periphery
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 48-58
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/48-58.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:48-58

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Selvet Niyazieva
Author-Email: selvet_niyazieva@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Methods and Metrics for Measuring Happiness
Abstract: In recent years there has been a great deal of focus on defining the notion of happiness. The word "happiness" is used in different ways. In 2011, the UN declared in its resolution the achievement of happiness as a fundamental human goal, and in 2012 announced March 20th for World Happiness Day. This report aims to review the practices of studying and analyzing happiness in specialized literature. The tasks that are set are the following: to review the specialized literature on the variety of happiness measurement practices. Explain the scope and content of the concept of happiness index. Make a detailed survey of metrics, methods and indicators for measuring happiness. Object of research are scientific papers and publications on the issues under consideration. The subject of the study is the scope, content and structure of the happiness indices and the practices of its measurement and analysis. For the collection of empirical information, are used a combination of research methods such as content analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. 
Classification-JEL: M31, M14, I31
Keywords: happiness index, metrics and methods measuring happiness, marketing analysis.
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 59-70
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/59-70.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:59-70

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miroslava Malcheva
Author-Email: m.malcheva@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Competitive Advantages of Boutique Hotels in the Context of a Sharing Economy
Abstract: The sharing economy has developed as a business model and it is about to transform many industries. In terms of the tourism industry, the hotel sector is much vulnerable to the strategic breakthrough of online platforms providing shared accommodation. As consumers become more familiar with the opportunities offered by shared accommodation, hotels face a serious challenge and must respond appropriately to the threat of losing market positions. According some recent forecasts particularly the boutique hotels will be heavily affected by the expanding force of the sharing economy. The aim of the present paper is to highlight the key competitive advantages of boutique hotels through strategic benchmarking of the product they offer and the product offered by the online platforms for shared accommodation such as Airbnb. Finally, the paper set practical guidelines how boutique hotels can benefit from the effect that the sharing economy produces.
Classification-JEL: Z300
Keywords: boutique hotels, competitive advantages, sharing economy, shared accommodation, Airbnb.
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 71-83
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/71-83.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:71-83

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hristina Filipova
Author-Email: hris_filipova@hotmail.com
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Marketing Strategies Regarding the Offer of Souvenirs in Tourism
Abstract: The aim of the following paper is to propose appropriate marketing strategies related to the offer of souvenirs in a specific destination. In order to achieve that a literature review regarding the topic is presented. It includes information related to marketing strategies and description of souvenirs seen as tangible tourist products. Furthermore a field research in the form of direct observation of souvenir offer in several specialized shops in Varna, Bulgaria is conducted. The results of the study have proven that one of the most appropriate marketing strategies that should be used by sellers of such goods should be differentiation. Apart from mass- produced souvenirs vendors should propose artisanal crafts integrating some elements of the local culture. This strategy will allow the sellers of souvenirs to attract more and different customers and in the same time to promote the tourist destination.
Classification-JEL: Z330
Keywords: Souvenirs, Marketing strategies, Souvenir shops, Cultural heritage, Tourist destination
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 84-90
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/84-90.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:84-90

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Denitsa Koseva
Author-Email: denitsakoseva@gmail.com
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Certification and Labeling of Bioproducts in Agritourism
Abstract: Organic farming, agritourism and wildlife are the foundation of the development of the food industry, agriculture and tourism sector. In the past years, the harmony between them is a task for both manufacturers/ retailers and end-users. The increased interest in creating and developing an agritourism market through the use of organic products in the Republic of Bulgaria requires a unified system that guarantees the quality of the offered tourist product. This draws attention to the certification and labeling of bioproducts in agritourism and leads to the need to ensure high control and guarantees of compliance with the rules and regulations.
Classification-JEL: Z320
Keywords: bioproducts, agritourism, tourism, certification, labeling.
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 91-100
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/91-100.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:91-100

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lyudmila Mihaylova
Author-Email: liudmilla@abv.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: "Angel Kanchev" University of Ruse
Author-Name: Emil Papazov
Author-Email: epapazov@gmail.com
Author-Workplace-Name: University of National and World Economy, Sofia
Title: Strategic Outsourcing Directions: Examples of Good Practice
Abstract: One of the main goals of an outsourcing strategy is to transform business organizations into entities that are highly flexible and adaptive to the changing business environment. This can be achieved by concentrating on the core business, as well as by entrusting tasks, activities or even whole functions to other specialized external companies. The article aims at analyzing of good practices concerning the implementation of outsourcing as a strategic tool in industrial enterprises, bearing in mind its three main directions: the business process, the information technology, and the knowledge process outsourcing. Due to outsourcing activities, organizations can benefit from lower investment risk, improved revenue structure and lower fixed costs.
Classification-JEL: A00
Keywords: industrial enterprises, outsourcing, strategic decisions, good practices
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 101-108
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/101-108.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:101-108

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wei-Bin Zhang
Author-Email: wbz1@apu.ac.jp
Author-Workplace-Name: School of International Management, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University
Title: Health, Environment, and Wealth
Abstract: This paper proposes a dynamic economic growth model with endogenous environment, health, and wealth. The economy is composed of environment, capital good, health caring, and consumer good sectors. We model the production technologies and economic structure on the basis of neoclassical growth theory. We apply Zhang's approach to the household behavior in modelling consumption and saving with the alternative concept of disposable income. The government collects taxes on the production sectors' outputs and consumers' consumption, wealth interest income, and wage income. After building the model with wealth accumulation, health change, and environmental dynamics, we show properties of the dynamic system by simulation. We depict the movement of the economic system over time. We also carry out comparative dynamic analysis to show how transitory processes and long-run equilibrium are affected when the system is subject to different exogenous changes. We get some insightful conclusions about complicated trade-offs between environmental taxation, wealth accumulation, health change, environment change, and economic structures. 
Classification-JEL: O41, Q5 
Keywords: Environmental change, Wealth accumulation, Health dynamics, Economic structure, Taxation
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 109-123
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/109-123.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:109-123

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna Timofeeva
Author-Email: ansergeeva@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Shopping Mall Information Systems and Databases and Opportunities for Their Improvement
Abstract: Nowadays one of the key factors for increasing the efficiency of shopping malls is the intensive and appropriate use of information technology. The automation of activities and processes brings a number of benefits both for the management of the shopping center and for its tenants and consumers. Efficiency needs to be defined, planned, forecast and analyzed in order to be managed successfully. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to examine the current state of information management in shopping malls and to consider the possibilities of implementing modern information technology and databases.
Classification-JEL: O3
Keywords: Shopping Mall, Information System, Database, BMS, ERP, CRM, BI, Security System
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 124-132
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/124-132.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:124-132

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Krasen Penchev
Author-Email: krasen_penchev@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: An Unsupervised Machine Learning Model for Automatic Syllabification of Bulgarian Words
Abstract: There are a lot of definitions of the syllable, and many discussions about it's role in the structure of the spoken languages. Some linguists put it in a central place in their theories. Having in mind that every person speaking a language, which is his/hers mother tongue, can divide the words into syllables, it could be concluded that the syllable is a structural entity of the spoken languages. The automatic syllabification, at least in theory, is applicable in a broad range of problems. Unfortunately it's not as popular as one would imagine. The small number and the low quality of the training resources are the main reasons for the low adoption rate of the automatic syllabification. A model for an unsupervised automatic syllabification is presented in this report. The aim is to design a general purpose model which would address the outlined existing problems of the automatic syllabification in the context of the Bulgarian language. The presented method is not constrained by the volume of the training data or the field of knowledge it's coming from.
Classification-JEL: O300
Keywords: syllabification, machine learning, automatic, unsupervised, model
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 133-139
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/133-139.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:133-139

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexandra Yancheva
Author-Email: alexandra.yancheva@gmail.com
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Some Aspects of Information Asymmetry and its Effect on the Cost of Capital
Abstract: Information asymmetry of capital markets is observed on two levels of the market relations between the participants - between investors themselves and between investors and managers. The probability of informed trading is underlying the occurring asymmetry. Identification of the liaison between disclosure and information asymmetry is a transitive step to the review of the impact of information asymmetry on the corporate cost of capital. To evaluate the effect of the first two factors different correlations may be used; this specific research reviews liquidity of securities and estimation risk, which affect the corporate cost of capital.
Classification-JEL: G14, G32
Keywords: information asymmetry, disclosure, informed trading, cost of capital, liquidity, estimation risk
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 140-148
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/140-148.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:140-148

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svetoslav Ivanov
Author-Email: svetoslav_ivanov@ue-varna.com
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Virtual Instruments for Software Development in Starting Software Company
Abstract: The article defines the meaning of term starting software company, the goals and targets it should meet to reach its key goal as organization. The main goal is to develop one or more products and services to prove their expediency, feasibility and market potential. In the article there are arguments about importance of the special attention to the virtual instruments which allow to reach these goals. The existing virtual instruments are reviewed and classified according to agile methodologies for new business, new product and new software development. The article shows that it is possible with existing virtual instruments and information systems to develop a new software product with effective resource use in innovative company.
Classification-JEL: O32
Keywords: startup, agile, virtual, software development, virtual information systems
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 149-160
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/149-160.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:149-160

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Tokusheva
Author-Email: m.tokusheva@yahoo.com
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: A Modification of the Linear Task of Cutting up Materials
Abstract: A modification of the linear task of cutting out materials in today's highly competitive and dynamic environment, corporate management efforts are focused on optimizing business operations. For companies that are trying to make the most of their machine capacity and fill the work shift of employees, it is appropriate to take over orders. The presented economical and mathematical model aims at optimal loading of production capacities and optimization of activities related to work shift planning.
Classification-JEL: C610
Keywords: linear task, optimization, production
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 161-167
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/161-167.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:161-167

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Tokusheva
Author-Email: m.tokusheva@yahoo.com
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Multivariable Stock Management Model Applied to a Newly Established Nut Tree Processing Factory
Abstract: Model for the management of multivariable stocks for the purposes of a newly-created nut-processing plant for the normal and continuous running of the production and business activity of the enterprise, the proper planning of the necessary volume of stock-inventories is especially influential. In practice, there are frequent situations where there are limitations on the amount of inventory available for a particular reason. In this report, the management model for multivariable stocks is adapted to the activity of a nut tree processing plant whose activity the quantity of raw materials supplied must be within certain limits. This imposes an additional limitation on minimum and maximum allowable volumes of deliveries.
Classification-JEL: C610 
Keywords: stocks, optimization; multivariable stocks
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 168-174
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/168-174.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:168-174

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Todor Raychev
Author-Email: t_raychev@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Structure and Dynamics of the Unsuccessful Concession Projects in the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in an International Context 
Abstract: This article makes analysis of the structure and dynamics of the unsuccessful concession projects in the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector, by regions on a global basis, and covering the period from 1991 to 2016. The purpose is to give an unbiased answer as to the level of performance and respectively - reliability of the concession projects as an alternative, investment and public and private model for public infrastructure development and for improvement of the quality of the public services rendered in the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector. Among the main conclusions that can be drawn from the performed study is that the unsuccessful concession projects in the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector on a global basis tend to permanently decrease in number, and no such projects have been registered over the last 8 years of the research period.
Classification-JEL: H54, H83, L95
Keywords: concession, water sector, unsuccessful projects, dynamics, region
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 175-183
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/175-183.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:175-183

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Todor Raychev
Author-Email: t_raychev@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Assessment of the Cancelled and Distressed Concession Projects in the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector on a Global Basis 
Abstract: This article makes assessment of the cancelled and distressed concession projects in the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector by studying their structure by certain regions in the world within the period from 1991 to 2016. It also studies their scope and level of differentiation as a mirror of the specifics and of the public sector initiative for the failure among the concession projects in the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector. The results show that the number of cancelled project as compared to the number of those distressed is allocated approximately at the ratio of 3,7 to 1. Based on the foregoing the author draws the conclusion that the unsuccessful concession projects in the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector within the covered period is resultant from the initiative shown by the private sector that is at least more than 3,7 times greater. This result is contrary to the generally held opinion that the public sector is the one initiating the cancellation of a given concession contract due to the unfairness shown by the entity holding the concession.
Classification-JEL: H54, H83, L95
Keywords: concession, water sector, cancelled projects, distressed projects, region 
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 184-195
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/184-195.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:184-195

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Penka Goranova
Author-Email: p.goranova@uni-svishtov.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: "D. A. Tsenov" Academy of Economics
Title: Consumer Attitudes in Omni-Channel Marketing
Abstract: By studying consumer behavior, attitudes are the predisposition of individuals for responding to the impact of an object, which may be favorable or negative. These are feelings, assessments and responses related to a certain trademark. Attitudes affect the process of perception in selectivity. They are formed by information obtained directly from previous experiences with an object and indirectly by other people`s influence. They can be supported and they contain three components: cognitive (knowledge), emotional, and tendency of behavior (goal, desire).In practice, upon a large number of repeated purchases of goods from a particular trademark, the volume of information for this trademark increases and competing producers have difficulty in changing the consumer attitude towards it. The purpose of this paper is to present the basic patterns associated with consumer attitudes when purchasing a particular product and to outline their role in the marketing process.
Classification-JEL: M30, M31
Keywords: Consumer attitudes, omni-chanal marketing
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 196-202
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/196-202.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:196-202

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Boncho Mitev
Author-Email: bonchomitev@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Strategic Partnerships in Business: Critical Success Factors
Abstract: Nowadays, companies apply strategic partnerships as a preferred tool in their organizational strategies for growth. At the core of cooperation lies the mutual benefit. Various motives drive firms towards reactive or proactive behavior in formation of strategic partnerships. The formation process includes three stages - preparation, implementation and assessment of the aliance. Despite the increasing number of strategic alliances worldwide, a significant part of strategic partnerships in business practice are unsuccessful. The aim of the article is to analyze and evaluate the critical success factors of strategic partnerships in business through the prism of the motives and the process of their formation. The research methods used in the paper are literary review and comparative analysis.
Classification-JEL: M00
Keywords: strategic partnership, strategic alliance, motives for strategic partnership, critical success factors
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 203-211
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/203-211.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:203-211

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mariana Kuzmanova
Author-Email: kuzmanova_mt@abv.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of National and World Economy, Sofia
Title: Crisis Management Considered as Change Management
Abstract: The publication discusses questions of present interest related to the harmonizing of the decisions in the field of crisis management and change management. During their functioning the organizations need to solve problems of different kind: building a modern information-communication system which supports the process of decision making; timely discovering the symptoms of the forthcoming crisis; predicting the amendment in the consumer demand; reaching proactive decisions for change, etc. Thus, the organizations increase their capacity to cope with crises by properly synchronizing the decisions made in the whole managerial system. The effective management assists the organizations in solving the most important tasks related to its successful functioning under change conditions.
Classification-JEL: L20, M19
Keywords: organization, crisis management, change management, integration
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 212-220
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/212-220.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:212-220

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Velislava Nikolaeva
Author-Email: nikolaeva100@abv.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: Varna Free University "Chernorizets Hrabar"
Title: Strategic Management of Business Organizations - Opportunities and Challenges
Abstract: The proposed work focuses on the specifics of the business environment considered and managed as an ecosystem and the challenges to strategic management that are provoked and conditioned by the new order of this type of socio-economic relations. The actuality of the research problem is argued precisely with the established need to improve the strategic management toolkit in the context of the upcoming changes. The aim of the report is to trace and critically analyze in a theoretical and practical-applied context the content range of the concept of "business ecosystem". On this basis, measures for improving the strategic management of the organization should be systemized and proposed. 
Classification-JEL: M10
Keywords: Strategy, strategic management, strategic planning process, strategic success, business echo-system.
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 221-230
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/221-230.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:221-230

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Silviya Dimitrova
Author-Email: silvia_dimitrova@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Unethical Labour Practices in MNEs' Business Worldwide
Abstract: The article considers the emerging unethical cases in multinational companies' business worldwide regarding the right to work and its dimensions. They refer to working conditions, the availability of child labor, discrimination in pay and employment, as well as regarding attitude towards women and girls. Specific cases about Bulgaria and Europe are elaborated. Finally, measures taken by different stakeholders to minimize or eliminate the practices discussed are presented.
Classification-JEL: F60, F66
Keywords: unethical behaviour, labour practices, MNEs
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 231-242
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/231-242.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:231-242

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Radka Ivanova
Author-Email: r.ivanova@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: The Quality Management Systems and Their Certification in Bulgaria
Abstract: Quality and management quality is becoming a key factor in organizational development and competitiveness. The implementation and certification of quality management systems ensures the responsibility of the management of the organization to reliably and timely meet the needs of society. The resulting certificate improve the image of the organizations and it is a guarantee that the processes, products, services, technologies meet the existing standards.
Classification-JEL: O2, M1
Keywords: quality, management, certification, ISO
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 243-251
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/243-251.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:243-251

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tzveta Zafirova
Author-Email: tzveta_zafirova@abv.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Forecasting Organizational Crises with Probability of Bankruptcy
Abstract: The aim of the publication is to study the two approaches (quantitative and qualitative) in the specialized literature that are used to determine the likelihood of bankruptcy of organizations in crisis. This will allow the management to make the right strategic decisions for the future development of the organization. The most well-known models of world-known scientists, as well as their modifications, applied in practice in the field.
Classification-JEL: M100, G330 
Keywords: bankruptcy, quantitative methods, quality models 
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 252-261
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/252-261.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:252-261

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stoyanka Petkova - Georgieva
Author-Email: s.p.petkova@gmail.com
Author-Workplace-Name: “Prof. D-r. Assen Zlatarov” University, Burgas
Title: Development Analysis and Contemporary Condition Assessment of the World Market of Outsourcing Services 
Abstract: The outsourcing manufacturing development has been recognized by the world economic science and practice as a high technologic management that provides effectiveness and competitiveness of the companies in conditions of informational competition. Simultaneously wide development has received a new sector of the world economy - the world market of outsourcing services. In the present research the world market of outsourcing services is analyzed as a part of the world manufacturing goods industry. In this first part of the research is made an assessment of the world outsourcing services market condition and development and there has been published the results of the data research according to registered contracts manufacturing because it is considered that especial data can be taken as a basic point for the analysis and conclusions making about the development of the world outsourcing services market. 
Classification-JEL: F60, L11, L16, M20, O11, O14
Keywords: Outsourcing services, world market, contemporary management conceptions, analysis and development.
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 262-270
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/262-270.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:262-270

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanislava Gardeleva 
Author-Email: gardeleva.stanislava@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: The Project Activity in Municipalities by Programs Co-funded by Funds of EU (by Example of Rural Municipalities of Region Burgas)
Abstract: The municipalities in Bulgaria are one of the main and direct beneficiaries of the financial assistance provided by Cohesion, Structural and Investment funds of European Union, by developing and implementing projects which are part of Operational programs. In the last few years in Bulgaria the problems with development of rural municipalities is getting deep. The development and realization of project, co-funded by funds of EU, give opportunity to be resolved key issues concerning economic, social and environmental development of rural municipalities.
Classification-JEL: A00
Keywords: rural municipality, project, project activity, Operational program, European Union, European founds.
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 271-279
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/271-279.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:271-279

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ralitsa Dimitrova
Author-Email: ralica.s.dimitrova@abv.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Ecological Management - Ğrospects and Ğriorities
Abstract: Ecological management is related to sustainable development and affects both the economic motives of profitability and their relationship to people and the environment. This type of management helps to strengthen and build a sustainable management system in the institutions and organizations that apply it. The main objective of this study is to reveal and evaluate the prospects and priorities of ecological management in the 21st century. The following methods and approaches are used in the process of study and research: review of literary sources, methods of analysis and synthesis. The benefits of implementing ecological management are presented, with special attention being paid to its improvement. The results draw conclusions for the strategic ecological activities.
Classification-JEL: Q01, Q59
Keywords: ecological management, perspectives, priorities, strategy, environment.
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 280-286
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/280-286.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:280-286

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petar Dimitrov
Author-Email: p.d.dimitrov@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Methodological Problems with Using Qualified Electronic Signature and Universal 2 Factor in Web Applications
Abstract: This article aims to present some specific methodological features with using a Qualified Electronic Signature (QES) and Universal 2 Factor (U2F) technology for authentication in web applications. The legal basis, regulating using electronic signatures, is described. A comparison between the two technologies is made in the context of web applications and technical usage limitations for both technologies are described. Possible future developments of the U2F protocol in terms of usability and connectivity are discussed. Implementation of U2F authentication technology is proposed to be an additional layer of security in web applications, not only developed by the Bulgarian government, but also other web applications, requiring strong authentication.
Classification-JEL: C890
Keywords: Qualified Electronic Signature, QES, Universal 2 Factor, U2F
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 287-293
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/287-293.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:287-293

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Damyan Kirechev
Author-Email: dkirechev@ue-varna.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Value Chain Finance in Agriculture - an Opportunity to Improve Access to Finance for Bulgarian Agribusinesses
Abstract: The article focuses on funding opportunities for the value chain in agriculture. Students are studying the financial instruments of the value chain in agriculture. The idea is that adopting innovative solutions to finance agriculture will improve access to agribusiness finances, create higher value in agribusiness, stabilize incomes and increase competitiveness. Financing the value chain in agriculture implies focusing on the use of an integrated and strategic approach, including: integration into the finance supply chain (financial institutions); structural aid from the government to strengthen the supply chain; enhancing information systems for protection against risks; enhancing cooperation and co-operation, etc. Achieving long-term economic benefits and fair value distribution in agriculture implies focusing on raising the role of different stakeholders such as government, financial institutions, processors, traders, and others.
Classification-JEL: Q14
Keywords: Value chain finance; financing of agribusiness; access to finance
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 294-299
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/294-299.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:294-299

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Todor Dyankov
Author-Email: todordyankov@ue-varna.bg 
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Author-Name: Yuliyana Todorova
Author-Email: ju19de65@ue-varna.bg 
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna
Title: Semantic Divergence in Contemporary Advertisements of the Bulgarian Tourist Agencies
Abstract: The scientific paper attempts to draw a picture of the level of semantic divergence in the contemporary advertising of Bulgarian travel agencies. Based on the scope of theory and relatedness between the essence of the main ways of thinking, on the one hand, in relation to the advertising appeals, headlines and slogans on the other, the authors offer an approbation of a set of criteria for assessing the semantic divergence as a characteristic of the messages communicated by the tourist business in Bulgaria targeted in specific manners to specific audiences. 
Classification-JEL: A00
Keywords: semantics, ways of thinking, divergence, advertising appeals, tourist agencies, criteria
Journal: Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series
Pages: 300-305
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Year: 2018
Month: December
File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2018/EconomicSciencesSeries_2018_3/300-305.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:300-305