Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michal Stojanov Author-Email: michal.stojanov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: The Future of Hybrid Automotive Technologies Abstract: The present study explores the essence of hybrid automotive technology, the state of the automotive market in Europe, and the future development of hybrid and electric cars that unambiguously determine the onset of the electric era in vehicle propulsion. The article aims to reveal some of the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid cars, their classification, as well as some of the factors for their mass introduction into the product lines of the world producers and their consumer demand. The review of European passenger car sales / registrations shows not only the substantial development of the market segments of the new transport technologies but also the problems that have come from the financial and economic crisis affecting the world since 2008. An overview has been made of the proven cases of unfair automotive market practices and misleading information in its segments, and action plans to curb global climate change caused by the automotive sector. Opportunities outlined for the developments of automotive technologies provide the real basis for improving energy efficiency and reducing the carbon footprint of the automotive sector over global climate change. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: hybrid cars, hybrid cars market, climate change, environmental solutions Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 5-13 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/5-13.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:5-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wei-Bin Zhang Author-Email: wbz1@apu.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Beppu-shi, Japan Title: Business Cycles in a Two-Sector Growth Model with Heterogeneous Households and Endogenous Human Capital Abstract: This paper generalizes the dynamic growth model of heterogeneous households with wealth accumulation and human capital accumulation proposed by Zhang (2015). The original model deals with economic mechanisms of how the richest one per cent of the population own 50% of national wealth. It shows the dynamic interdependence between wealth accumulation, human capital accumulation, division of labor, and time distribution under perfect competition. The study simulated a case with three groups of the population, the rich 1%, the middle, 69%, and the poor 20%. It demonstrated the existence of an equilibrium point at which the rich 1% own more than half of the national wealth and the poor 20% less than 10% of the national wealth. This study generalizes Zhang's model by making all the time-independent parameters as time-dependent parameters. We demonstrate how the system reacts to exogenous periodic perturbations. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: Inequality and growth, exogenous shocks, business cycles, learning by consuming, wealth and income distribution, heterogeneous households Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 14-27 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/14-27.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:14-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Donka Zhelyazkova Author-Email: d_zhelyazkova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Environmental Problems and Solutions in the Transport Sector in Bulgaria Abstract: The present study aims to reveal some environmental problems that arise as a result of the activity carried out by the Bulgarian transport sector, as well as to propose solutions in the outlined directions differentiated at business level and at state level. In order to achieve this objective, emissions of road and other transport pollutants emitted in the atmosphere of Bulgaria are linked to the transport performance indicators and the average distance of travel of road transport as the most used transport option. In the course of the analysis, positive trends in the development of two important indicators measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) from road transport in thousand tons from 1 ton freight and carbon dioxide (CO2) from road transport in thousand tons on 1 km travelled distance. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: transport, emissions of harmful substances, environmental solutions Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 28-33 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/28-33.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:28-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elitsa Gramatikova Author-Email: e_gramatikova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: New Technologies in Retailing, Improving the Quality of Commercial Service Abstract: This article explores new technologies, used in retail, for better satisfying consumer desires and improving the quality of commercial service. It presents advantages of mobile applications for increasing the number of customers, the capabilities of omnichannel and unified commerce for making purchases at any time and from anywhere, and new services that offer customer convenience. Comments are made on virtual and augmented reality technologies, self-service, online orders for FMCG retail sectors, mobile payments and beacon technology. Attention is paid to customer personalization and unique in-store experience that can help retailers satisfy consumer preferences. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: Omnichannel & Unified Commerce; VR & AR Technology; Self-Service Devices; Beacons Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 34-44 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/34-44.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:34-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Violeta Peteva Laskova Author-Email: v.peteva_laskova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Socio-Psychological Theories About Consumer Behaviour Abstract: Consumer behaviour is a complex social phenomenon that presents a real challenge in both theoretical and practical aspects. It is a scientific area with a strong emphasis on interdisciplinary character and conceptual basises that are extremely broad and complex. These basises cover the fundamental social sciences that human civilization has built for millennia, but also many interdisciplinary and frontier scientific areas of recent decades. When studying consumer behaviour, it is logical to seek complementarity between the normative and empirical theories. The socio-psychological theories that have had the most significant influence on the study of consumer behaviour are the theory of bounded rationality, heuristics, and the prospect theory. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: Consumer Behaviour, Bounded Rationality, Heuristic, Affect Heuristic, Prospect Theory, The Iceberg principle, Symbolism Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 45-51 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/45-51.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:45-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desislava Grozdeva Author-Email: desislava_grozdeva@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Food and Drink E-Commerce - Prospects and Challenges Abstract: In the last few years food and drink retailers more and more has taken advantage of the Internet to sell their products. Food and drink sector comprises various participants – from local food producers in small agriculture companies and farms, through fast food chains and online platforms for food shopping to specialized e-shops and typical online supermarkets. The purpose of this study is to present the distinctive features of the online food and drink sales, the advantages and disadvantages of the e-commerce in this sector, the challenges the industry faces when selling online and based on that to present a brief overview of the food and drink e-commerce in Bulgaria. We also outline, on the basis of this analysis, the prospects for growth and development in this sector. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: food and drink e-commerce, online supermarkets, food and drink e-sales, online platforms for food shopping, Internet Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 52-62 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/52-62.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:52-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Viktoriya Stancheva Author-Email: vstancheva@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Customer Portfolio Management: Conceptual Framework and Empirical Evidence Abstract: Although nowadays marketers increasingly rely on customer relationships, the diversity of existing customer portfolio models challenges the managers to choose the best possible option and ensure optimal decisions. The paper offers a systematic view on the multifaceted nature of existing customer portfolio management models, discusses their conceptual basis and reviews the empirical evidence from their application. Although the extant literature is addressing different aspects of the applicability of customer portfolio models, there are identified persistent trends and several clear periods in the development of empirical tests for the models. This study enriches previous researches on existing theories of customer portfolio management and gives practical guidance for companies to encourage the use of an optimal customer portfolio model. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: Customer Base; Customer Portfolio Management; CRM Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 63-71 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/63-71.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:63-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Penka Goranova Author-Email: p.goranova@uni-svishtov.bg Author-Workplace-Name: Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov Title: E-shops and Sales Process Abstract: E-shops are a form that provides the customer with the opportunity to run through the Internet at all stages of the purchase process, from the choice of the item and ends with the money transfer and delivery of the goods. "Using websites, directories, blogs, databases, mobile devices, helps business organizations create more effective communications to get feedback and manage customer relationships." For this purpose, maximum integration with the database of the company or sales representative is required. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: internet shop, orders, products, quality, web-site Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 72-75 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/72-75.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:72-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Todor Raychev Author-Email: t_raychev@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Problems and Opportunities for Concessioning in the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in the Republic of Bulgaria Abstract: The article analyzes the main problems in the development of the Water Supply and Sanitation sector in Bulgaria on the basis of the study done by the author on the dynamics of this development for the period 2000-2015. It is part of the scientific project of MES "The concession as a factor for development of the Water Supply and Sanitation sector in the Republic of Bulgaria", according to Ordinance No.9 of 08.08.2013 and No.NPI-130/2014. The survey shows that during the period under review, a large number of different problems and challenges have been accumulated in the sector, which hinder its development. The main thesis of the author is that a complete restructuring of the water sector is necessary. One of the possible solutions is the concessioning of WSS services by statistical regions of the country, which will contribute to the sustainable development of the water sector in the long term and to the ever fuller satisfaction of the interests of the society. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: water sector, WSS concession, study of dynamics Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 76-85 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/76-85.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:76-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Todor Raychev Author-Email: t_raychev@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Methodology Estimating the Efficiency of the Services in Water Supply and Sanitation Sector under Concessioning in the Republic of Bulgaria Abstract: The present article submits a methodology for estimation of the service efficiency in Water Supply and Sanitation Sector under concessioning in Bulgaria as per the statistic regions in country. The methodology represents a part of entire research in a scientific project, pursuant to Decree No.9 of the Ministry of Education and Science dated 08.08.2013, with No.NPI-130/2014 on subject: The concession as a factor for the development of the Water supply and Sanitation sector in the Republic of Bulgaria. The methodology was created as a result of an analysis by the author of the dynamics of the development of the WSS operators in the country during the period 2003-2015. The main thesis of the author is that the solution of the long-term problems in the Water supply and Sanitation sector as well as the improvement of the efficiency of the WSS operators can be achieved by attracting private initiative and private investments in the water sector. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: water sector, water and sanitation concession Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 86-93 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/86-93.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:86-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gergana Slavova Author-Email: ggss@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Perspectives for the Cutting of Legumes in Bulgaria and Comparison with Other Countries in the World Abstract: The long term Agricultural Politics of the European Union is geared to supporting certain types of crop farmers and rural development as a whole. The new scheme of coupled support for protein crops forms part of the direct payments scheme and consists of additional support for areas covered by protein crops such as beans, lentils, chickpeas, peas, peanuts, soya, beans, alfalfa, safflower, pheasant, clover, lupine and lotus. In order to obtain support for these areas, the size of the area with protein crops should be at least 1/4 acre. The budget for protein crops is fixed each year, and it is divided into all eligible protein crops for the given year. It is important to note that some of the financed crops are widely used in the European Union and Bulgaria, while others are less known. The purpose of this article is to determine the extent to which the production of leguminous crops in Bulgaria and their types have been influenced by the introduction of the new scheme of tied EU protein crop support and to compare our country to other major countries producing legumes. On the basis of the analysis of the leguminous crops produced before and after the introduction of the support based on direct payments, a summary of how the operational programs and the direct payments by the European Union contribute to the real increase of the bean crops in the country and on the basis of comparison with other countries it is established which leguminous crops are most widely used for production and what are the possibilities for their future development in Bulgaria. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: legumes, Agricultural Politics, direct payments, protein crops Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 94-103 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/94-103.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:94-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radmil Nikolov Author-Email: radmil.nikolov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Technological Tables as a Factor in Optimizing the Production of Crop Production Abstract: Technological tables are an important organizational and economic document that serves both as a major source of analytical information and for solving tasks related to the optimization of economic performance in plant production. This article aims to clarify the nature and importance of the technology tables in the process of planning and organizing the crop production, and also as a tool for decision-making. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: technological tables, organization of production, crop production Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 104-110 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/104-110.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:104-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Damyan Kirechev Author-Email: dkirechev@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Impact of Climate Change on the Development of the Agrarian Sector – Adaptation and Mitigation Measures Abstract: The EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has a significant potential to mitigate the climate change consequences and adaptation to the results. Farmers can choose more rational weapons to manage their climate risk. The objectives of CAP become more and more important with each following programming period. In the current CAP (2014-2020), climate concerning actions are main priorities of Rural Development Programme. The article discusses the effects that the Paris Climate Change Agreement (COP21) causes to the agriculture sector and the relevant political proposal. The article investigates how the CAP is supporting the climate actions and the future policy development in 2020. Necessary action will increase the sector's efforts to minimize the contribution to gas emissions and aid pollution in the next decades. There is a need for changes in the policy tools and mechanisms for its implementation in terms of: reducing the soil carbon loss; increasing the share of organic farming; improving farmers' understanding of climate change; more efficient management of agricultural land; monitoring system optimization, etc. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: climate change; mitigation; adaptation; agriculture; Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), COP 21 Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 111-125 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/111-125.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:111-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Damyan Kirechev Author-Email: dkirechev@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Author-Name: Radmil Nikolov Author-Email: radmil.nikolov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Financial Support of Ecological Focus Areas and their Potential Impact on Biodiversity in Bulgaria Abstract: Ecological focus areas are one of the greening measures for CAP under which farm payments under Pillar 1 are made. The funds aim to conserve and improve biodiversity, when farms are choosing the support elements. The objectives of the study are to review the literature on the impact of biodiversity on agricultural land and the resources used. The benefits for farms are derived from the application of environmental practices and their impact on biodiversity. The potential ecological impact for the environment is also analyzed. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: Greening CAP; "Green" payment; Ecological focus areas; Biodiversity; Agriculture and environment Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 126-139 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/126-139.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:126-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mariya Veleva Author-Email: maria.veleva@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Author-Name: Katya Antonova Author-Email: katia_antonova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Challenges of Applying Contemporary Approaches to Hiring New Employees in Dynamic Business Environment Abstract: The aim of this theoretical paper is to highlight the contemporary trends in hiring new employees and how they can help to improve company's flexibility in a fast changing business environment. The 21st century HRM reveals the emerging need of innovative approaches to hiring new employees. The trends in new employees hiring, as staff leasing, temporary staffing, outsourcing, crowdsourcing, and co-employment appear to help companies gain stability in unstable times. We presume that the contemporary approaches to new employee hire in Bulgaria can improve companies' flexibility and strengthen the chances for stable development while operating in conditions of highly dynamic and competitive environment. On this ground, the advantages and disadvantages of the contemporary approaches to new employees hiring are elaborated. Outlined are some of the most common problems that small to medium sized companies in Bulgaria face about choosing the right Professional Employer Organization. Suggestions for handling them are given. We consider that in the Bulgarian scientific publications studies on the positive outcomes of contemporary approaches to new employees hire are still limited. With this study we intend to direct the attention of the Bulgarian human resource management researchers to the topic, provoke further discussion related to the Bulgarian business and workforce environment in 21st century, and contribute to the researches on the theme in Bulgaria. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: 21st century HRM, trends, employee hire, flexibility, competitiveness, staff leasing, temporary staffing Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 140-147 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/140-147.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:140-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mariya Veleva Author-Email: maria.veleva@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: "Liquid Society": the Decline of Values and its Reflection on Contemporary Leadership Abstract: The aim of this theoretical paper is to discuss some "liquid society" reflections on contemporary leadership. We suggest that business environment mirrors the social problems of the society because the changes in small group behavior reflect the changes in the big group (society) behavior. The deformations in the social behavior cause deformations in organizational behavior too. By tracing the social changes and their studies, we outline some negative characteristics of contemporary management concerning leadership, to appear as result of social values decline. The stronger is the focus on consumerism and individualism in society, the bigger are the deformations that occur in management of people in organizations. Destructive leadership, also known as dark leadership or dysfunctional leadership creates and supports behavioral deformations as aggression on the job place, humiliation, mobbing, bullying, stress, burnout and other destructive behaviors. The result of the social values decline we see to be manifested through the results of destructive leadership as: lack of employee commitment, low job motivation, team-work problems, interpersonal conflicts, strong individualism that narrows employees' focus, employee lack of identity with the company, increased levels of job related stress, burnout. With this paper we try to provoke further discussion on the presented problem, as well as we call for action for understanding and avoiding the negative impact of the social values decline on organizational level in general, and on contemporary leadership in particular. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: liquid modernity and liquid society, organizational deformations, destructive leadership, individualism, collectivism, bullying, organizational culture Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 148-157 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/148-157.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:148-157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Velina Kazandzhieva Author-Email: velina_kaz@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Author-Name: Katina Popova Author-Email: katina.popova@abv.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Assessment of the Impact of Meso- Environmental Factors on the Youth Tourism in Bulgaria Abstract: Yîuth tràvål is înå îf thå fastest growing ànd mîst dynàmic màrkåts îf thå glîbàl tîurism såctîr. The goal of the publication is to set the guidelines for improving the youth tourism development by assessing leading meso-environmental factors that have impact on the Bulgarian youth tourism. The research methods used are PEST analysis and a survey. Youth tourism can be a perspective direction in the structure of contemporary types and forms of tourism in Bulgaria. Its competitive advantages require systematic and result-oriented management of the impacts of various factors as well as improvement of the supply of tourist services and products matching the needs of young travelers for unique experience in the places visited. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: millennials, youth tourism, factors, opportunities, threats Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 158-171 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/158-171.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:158-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tanya Dabeva Author-Email: dabeva@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Author-Name: Georgina Lukanova Author-Email: lukanova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Improvement of the Bulgarian Classification System of the Hospitality Industry Abstract: The report aims to offer some opportunities to improve the classification system of Bulgarian hospitality. The necessity for improvement is shown by a brief analysis of the current system, as well as by a structured survey of a representative excerpt of hotel managers from Varna District. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: hotel classification system; hotel product; hotel certification; hotel standards; hotel superstructure Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 172-180 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/172-180.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:172-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katya Vladova Author-Email: vladova_k@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Dynamic Capabilities Concept in the Case of the Tourism Companies Abstract: The paper aims to examine the significant role and meaning of the dynamic capabilities concept and its implications in the tourism industry in Bulgaria. Dynamic capabilities of organizations reveal organizational skills for achieving innovative forms of competitive advantages for sustaining competitive market positions. The development of dynamic capabilities reflects management's ability to demonstrate timely responsiveness and rapid innovation and to effectively coordinate and redeploy internal and external resources or competencies based on managerial and organizational processes, market positions, and path dependencies. Òhe key contributions of the paper are the applications of the dynamic capabilities theoretical concepts to the reality of the tourism industry in Bulgaria. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: dynamic capabilities, competitive advantage, organizations, tourism Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 181-188 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/181-188.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:181-188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Margarita Bachvarova Author-Email: bachvarova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Term "Insolvency" and Legal Means of Overcoming in Commercial Law Abstract: The scientific study analyses various meanings of the term "insolvency" in economic and legal theory. Any legal means for overcoming it are systemized in accordance with the commercial legislation. Selection criteria are suggested for the application of a particular method of overcoming insolvency relating to: the legally protected interest, objective, competent body, grounds and legal consequences. The scientific thesis that the Bulgarian commercial legislation applies the contract model to the regulation of any legal means for overcoming insolvency is maintained. A plan or agreement between a debtor and creditors is needed based on a reached agreement for the application of specific means of strengthening the debtor's enterprise and overcoming the financial difficulties. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: insolvency, restructuring, bankruptcy, financial difficulties Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 189-194 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/189-194.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:189-194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Todorova Author-Email: mt_todorova@abv.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: A Cancellation of the Commercial Transactions in the Insolvency Proceedings under the Commercial Act Abstract: The report issues and systematizes the general and special grounds for cancellation of the commercial transactions in the Insolvency proceedings under the Commercial Act. The advantages and disadvantages of the legislation are analyzed in terms of seeking a legislative balance between the principles and needs of insolvency proceedings and the principle of legal and public certainty which directly affect to the economics and business market sphere. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: cancellation, commercial transaction, insolvency Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 195-203 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/195-203.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:195-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Desislava Serafimova Author-Email: serafimova_d@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: CSR and Sustainable Development Information Disclosure from Large Bulgarian Companies Abstract: The paper presents results from surveying the practices in social accountability used by the one hundred largest Bulgarian companies ranked according to the size of their revenues. An analysis of their CSR disclosure is made using three sources of information – companies' social reports, CSR information disclosed as part of annual reports and CSR practices announced on the company websites. The theoretical assumptions in CSR disclosure are explained, the methodical issues concerning the process of evaluating the social accountability practices are outlined and the basic tendencies of CSR disclosure in large Bulgarian companies are made. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: Social accountability, Social reporting, CSR disclosure, Corporate sustainability reporting, Sustainable development, Non-financial information disclosure Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 204-215 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/204-215.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:204-215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radka Ivanova Author-Email: r.ivanova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Patents as a Means of Stimulating the Application of Open Innovation in Bulgaria Abstract: Today, organizations need to develop their business in an uncertain and dynamic environment. This raises the need to look for ways to continuously innovate their products, processes, services to meet market requirements. Innovation is a prerequisite for success and gaining competitive advantages. Open innovation also enables organizations with fewer resources to develop innovative activities. The basis of the latter lies in the intellectual activity of the people, which is why ways of protecting it are sought. In this regard, the patents and the possibilities for licensing are important. Updating the statutory regulatory framework is important in the global context. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: innovation, open innovation, patents, licensing Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 216-223 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/216-223.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:216-223 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Silviya Dimitrova Author-Email: silvia_dimitrova@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Ethical Issues in Multinational Companies' Business Abstract: The paper explores the ethical issues which multinational companies are fronting when doing business abroad. In a business that competes mainly in global markets, multinational companies (MNCs) operate in different social, cultural and ethical environments. This poses significant ethical dilemmas over MNCs. Particularly, choosing how to behave, is not a choice between good and bad, right and wrong, but only between the right and right choice. The first section elaborates on ethical dimensions of MNC's business and issues such as child labor, sweatshops, discrimination, environment pollution, indigenous people rights, nepotism, human rights, bribery and corruption. Questions whether MNCs have obligation or not towards suppliers, subcontractors and consumers are represented. The second section presents the ethical behavior options for companies in global business regarding ethical relativism, ethical imperialism, ethical reciprocity and universal ethics. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: multinational companies, ethical issues, labor, corruption, human rights, environment, moral obligation Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 224-236 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/224-236.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:224-236 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stanislava Gardeleva Author-Email: gardeleva.stanislava@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: Elements of the Project – Necessary to Create a Successful Project Abstract: Development of the modern business organizations is strongly influenced by the changes and dynamic of environment. To be able to organizations adequately respond to these changes, they use different methods and approaches. One of these approaches is project management. The projects are unique activities, which are created for a certain period of time, to achieve specific goals, results or to resolve some problem. For the successful development of a project it is necessary properly applying of its elements. The structure of the project is based on the existing logical relations between its core elements, which are independent, but dependent on one another. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: project, elements, project management Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 237-247 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/237-247.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:237-247 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miroslav Vladimirov Author-Email: vladimirov@ue-varna.bg Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: A New Model for Defining Forecasts in Black Litterman Abstract: The general contribution of this research is the implementation of new formal type of relative view, which has been added to the Black-Litterman model (BLM) for asset management. It is well known that the BLM integrates both historical data about the assets returns and subjective views given by experts and investors. Such complicated model is expected to give more realistic assessment about the dynamical behavior of the stock exchanges. The BLM applies both absolute and relative views about the asset returns. The paper proves that the currently applied relative views with equal weights are equivalent to assess the risk of a virtual portfolio with these assets of the view which participate with equal weights. The paper extends this form of views, applying non-equal weights of the assets. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: optimization of assets allocation, modeling market behavior, assessment of portfolio risks and returns, formal description of subjective views Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 248-253 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/248-253.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:248-253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Rohova Author-Email: mariarohova@abv.bg Author-Workplace-Name: Medical University - Varna Title: Models for Resource Allocation in Health Care Abstract: The resource allocation is related to the desire to ensure efficiency and equality in the provision of medical care. The aim of this study is to present the guiding principles and to analyze the existing models in the distribution of healthcare resources. Different models are used in the health systems of the countries. In general, three types of models can be summarized: based on data for small territorial units; based on data on individual service use and demographic data; and based on direct assessment of health needs. In these models, resources in the health systems are mainly distributed between regions in a given country and then between activities. The guiding principle is to ensure equality (in access to health services), assuming that it depends largely on the allocation of resources. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: resource allocation, health care, inequalities, effectiveness Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 254-262 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/254-262.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:254-262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Velislava Nikolaeva Author-Email: nikolaeva100@abv.bg Author-Workplace-Name: Varna Free University Title: Focus Areas in the Elaboration of Strategies for Educational Institutions Development in the Secondary Education System Abstract: The offered material is dedicated to a significant for the Secondary system development issue, that is: Elaboration of a strategy for the development of institutions from the secondary education system, and more specifically: schools and kindergartens. The research interest is also provoked by the Law on Pre-School and School Education (LPSE), in force since 2016, where the obligation to elaborate development strategies is imposed on the management of the system of secondary education organizations. As a result from the research work done, basic focus areas were systemized, on which the management of the educational institutions in the system of secondary education should accentuate when elaborating and implementing development strategy in the sense of the Law on Pre-school and School Education. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: Strategy, strategic plan, strategic management, strategic planning process, strategic analysis Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 263-273 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/263-273.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:263-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lili Grudeva Author-Email: grudeva63@abv.bg Author-Workplace-Name: Medical University - Varna Author-Name: Diana Gancheva Author-Email: gancheva_vn@abv.bg Author-Workplace-Name: Medical University - Varna Author-Name: Maria Atanasova Author-Email: kateliew@abv.bg Author-Workplace-Name: Medical University - Varna Title: The Perceived Social Burden of the Gluten Free Diet in Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity Abstract: In the present paper, we discuss the change in non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) awareness and perception through patients' concerns and the most recent literature. Nowadays NCGS has moved in the public awareness (both doctors and population) from a rare disease to a common one and the gluten free diet (GFD) is no longer the exclusive therapy for patients but is becoming a popular health choice for everybody. Gluten-free food, once hard to find and requiring home preparation, is now available at restaurants and grocery stores. However, the quality of life of those affected by p(NCGS) seems to be still compromised and this is particularly true for those who find it difficult to adhere to a GFD and those who were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Intervention at diagnosis and follow-up to improve the patients' adaptation to the condition and its limitations should be implemented. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: gluten free diet; non celiac gluten sensitivity; social; burden; psychological; adherence, economic burden Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 274-278 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/274-278.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:274-278 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tzveta Zafirova Author-Email: Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics - Varna Title: The Bulgarian Film Production: Problems, Trends and Alternatives Abstract: The article presents the results of a study of the film production development in Bulgaria since its creation until now and its stages have been formulated. The main problems and trends of the contemporary Bulgarian film production are formulated on the basis of the peculiarities of the Bulgarian film market and its participants. Some appropriate alternatives for its development are indicated on the basis of foreign experience in the field. A steady trend towards the rise of Bulgarian film production has been established. In the study are applied the methods of historical and statistical analysis and synthesis. The history of Bulgarian cinema and the specialized literature on the management of the film industry have been studied. Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: film industry, film production, stages in the Bulgarian film production history, strategic alternatives for film production Journal: IZVESTIA, JOURNAL OF THE UNION OF SCIENTISTS - VARNA, ECONOMIC SCIENCES SERIES Pages: 279-290 Issue: 1 Year: 2017 Month: November File-URL: http://www.su-varna.org/izdanij/2017/ikonomika-017-1/279-290.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vra:journl:y:2017:i:1:p:279-290